The Criminal Justice System Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Criminal Justice System - Research Paper Example A top to bottom investigation of the criminal cases revealed in Britain in the past expounds that dark guys have been, a greater amount of than not, associated with a dominant part of the offenses perpetrated by the dark network. Portrayal of individuals of color in the wrongdoing is far not as much as that of people of color. Notwithstanding that, male adolescent violations make a huge segment of the all out wrongdoings submitted by the dark network in Britain. Especially, dark guys matured 13 to 19 are on a very basic level liable for the quantity of violations submitted by the British dark network. In an ongoing review led by (HCHAC, 2007), the level of young men from every single ethnic beginning who admitted having enjoyed wrongdoing was 13% against a negligible 7% of the young ladies that made the admission of the wrongdoing and this reality is likewise obvious from the way that male detainees were seen as 70986 more in number than the female detainees till February of 2007. Th is demonstrates people of color are unquestionably very less in number than dark young men who are associated with the wrongdoing yet their portrayal in the British criminal equity framework is definitely more than that of non-individuals of color. Despite the fact that there is a great deal of contention about the dark male teenagers’ association in wrongdoing all in all, yet there is no denying the way that they do make an extensive segment of the hoodlums in Britain. â€Å"At the pinnacle young, 19, blacks endure guns murder rates 17 to multiple times higher than do whites.† (Males, 2008). So as to limit the far reaching vulnerability of dark male adolescents towards wrongdoing, and limit the quantity of genuine youthful dark male youngsters staying inside the current type of British criminal equity framework, it is basic that the components that expansion their powerlessness towards wrongdoing are recognized and assessed against different ethnicities. The central causes that slander dark male young people as a non-chivalrous and socially flippant network incorporate, yet are not constrained to social avoidance, destitution, and low societal position, absence of control, absence of adequate training, social ant agonism.

L.L. Bean Item forecasting case study Essays

L.L. Bean Item guaging contextual analysis Essays L.L. Bean Item guaging contextual analysis Paper L.L. Bean Item guaging contextual analysis Paper Article Topic: The Bean Eaters Harvard Business School 9-893-003 Rev. September 7, 1993 L. L. Bean, Inc. Thing Forecasting and Inventory Management When you request a thing from a L. L. Bean inventory and were unavailable, Im the person to fault. What's more, on the off chance that we wind up selling a lot of womens fleece cashmere overcoats, its my deficiency. Nobody sees how extreme it is. Imprint Fasold, Vice President† Inventory Management, was portraying the test of thing guaging at L. L. Bean. Determining request at the total level is a bit of cake†if were running low on desires, we Just plunge further into our client list and convey some more atalogs. However, we need to choose what number of chamois shirts and what number of chino pants to purchase, and if were excessively high on one and excessively low on different, its no comfort to realize that we were spot on by and large. Top administration comprehends this on a fundamental level, yet they are justifiably upset that blunders at the thing level are so enormous. In an index professional our own, you truly catch request. That is the uplifting news. The terrible news is, you realize what a lousy Job youre doing attempting to coordinate interest with gracefully. Dislike that in a retail establishment, state, where a client ay come in searching for a dress shirt and lets the showcase of accessible shirts create the interest for a specific thing. Or then again if a client has some specific thing as a primary concern however its not accessible, the person may Just leave the store. In a retail chain you never know the genuine interest or the results of understocking. However, in our business each deal is produced by a client requesting a specific thing, either via mail or by telephone. On the off chance that we havent got it, and the client drops the request, we know it. Rol Fessenden, Manager†Inventory Systems, included: We realize that figure blunders are unavoidable. Rivalry, the economy, climate are on the whole factors. In any case, request at the thing level is likewise influenced by client conduct, which is difficult to foresee, or even to clarify everything considered. From time to time some thing takes off and turns into a runaway , far surpassing our interest estimates. Now and again we can distinguish the pattern from the get-go and, with a helpful seller, get more item produced in a rush and pursue request; more often than not, be that as it may, the wanderers leave us Just dismissing clients. What's more, for each out of control, theres a canine thing that sells path beneath desires and that you couldnt even offer away to clients. Yearly expenses of lost deals and rainchecks were minimalistically evaluated to be $11 million; costs related with having a lot of an inappropriate stock were an extra $10 million. This case was set up by Professor Arthur Schleifer, Jr. as the reason for class conversation as opposed to delineate either viable or incapable treatment of a regulatory circumstance. Copyright 1992 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College. To arrange duplicates or solicitation consent to repeat materials, call 1-800-545-7685, compose Harvard Business School Publishing, Boston, MA 02163, or go to ttp://www. hbsp. harvard. edu. No piece of this distribution might be recreated, put away in a recovery framework, utilized in a spreadsheet, or transmitted in any structure or by any means†electronic, mechanical, copying, recording, or otherwise†without the consent of Harvard Business School. 893-003 L. L. Bean Background In 1912 Leon Leonwood Bean imagined the Maine Hunting Shoe (a mix of lightweight calfskin uppers and elastic bottoms). He got a rundown of alien Maine chasing permit holders, arranged a spellbinding mail-request round, set up bounce in his siblings cellar in Freeport, Maine, and began an across the country mail-request business. The introduction of the U. S. Post Offices local package post administration in that year gave a methods fo r conveying requests to clients. At the point when L. L. Bean kicked the bucket in 1967, at 94 years old, deals had reached $4. 75 million, his organization utilized 200 individuals, and a yearly index was conveyed to a mailing rundown of 600,000 individuals. L. L. s Golden Rule had been Sell acceptable product at a sensible benefit, treat your clients like people, and theyll consistently return for additional. At the point when Leon Gorman, L. L. s grandson, succeeded him as president in 1967, he looked to grow and modernize the business without going astray from his granddads Golden Rule. By 1991, L. L. Bean, Inc. as a significant cataloger, maker, and retailer in the outside donning strength field: Catalog deals in 1990 were $528 million, with an extra $71 million in deals from the companys 50,000 square-foot retail location in Freeport. Twenty-two unique inventories (frequently alluded to as books by organization employees)†114 million pieces in all†were sent that year. There were 6,000,000 dynamic clients. The mail-request business had been providing approach to phone arranges after the organization introduced across the nation 800 help in 1986. By 1991, 80% of all requests came in by phone. Major regular postal mail contenders included Lands End, Eddie Bauer, Talbots, and Orvis. A 1991 Consumer Reports review on consumer loyalty with mail-request organizations discovered L. L. Bean heading the rundown for generally fulfillment in each class for which they offered stock. In clarifying why L. L. Bean had not extended its retail activities past the one store in Freeport, Leon Gorman differentiated the direct-arketing (index) and retail organizations. The two methodologies require altogether different sorts of the board. Mail-request advertisers are exceptionally systematic, quantitatively situated. Retailers must be imaginative, limited time, pizzazzy, stock arranged. Its extreme to gather one supervisory group that can deal with the two capacities. 1 Product Lines L. L. Beans product offering was grouped progressively (see Exhibit 1). At the most elevated level of total were Merchandise Groups: mens and womens embellishments, mens and womens clothing, mens and womens footwear, outdoors gear, and so on. Inside each Group were Demand Centers; for example, womens clothing had as Demand Centers sew shirts, sweaters, pants, skirts, Jackets and pullovers, and so forth. Each Demand Center was additionally separated into Item Sequences; for instance, womens sweaters comprised of Midnight Mesa Handknit Cardigans, Indian Point Pullovers, Lambswool Turtlenecks, and around twenty different items. Thing Sequences were additionally separated into singular things, recognized basically by shading; it was at this thing level that estimates must be given and, at last, buy responsibilities must be made. Around 6,000 things showed up in some of the inventories that were given over the span of a year. 1 L. L. Bean, Inc. Corporate Strategy, Harvard Business School Case (581-159), 1981. 21tems were additionally separated by size into stock-keeping units, or SWs. This was finished by applying standard size-dispersion breakdowns. Albeit an improper circulation could prompt inordinate stock of certain sizes and stockouts of others, the executives concern was coordinated to the thing level, since there was no proof of a superior framework than expecting that the approp riation of interest by size would carry on in the uture as it had previously, and would be unclear starting with one thing then onto the next. Things were likewise grouped into three occasional classes (spring, fall, and all year), and into two extra classifications (new or never out) that depicted whether the thing was an ongoing or increasingly perpetual individual from the companys contributions, and thus described the measure of recorded interest information accessible for the thing. The Bean Catalogs The major catalogs†spring, summer, fall, and Christmas†each turned out in a few adaptations. A full index, running from 116 to 152 pages, went to Beans ordinary ustomers. A littler possibility list was coursed to potential clients; it contained fundamentally a subset of things from the full list. (Bean recognized such possibility clients in an assortment of ways, for instance, through the acquisition of mailing records, or by recording beneficiaries of blessings from other Bean clients. ) furthermore, various strength catalogs†Spring Weekend, Summer Camp, Fly Fishing, and so on † introduced things that were one of a kind to that index, just as certain things found in the significant inventories. There was some cover available for use: the best ustomers got practically all the lists, and those clients known, through past buying conduct, to be keen on different claims to fame may get a suitable forte list notwithstanding the occasional full lists. Thing Forecasting Each list had an incubation time of around nine months, and its creation included promoting, structure, item, and stock authorities. For instance, the underlying conceptualization for the Fall, 1991 season started in October, 1990. Fundamental conjectures of all out deals for each index were made in December. Item supervisors eveloped starter thing figures by book in the December, 1990 to March, 1991 time period. Format and pagination of the books started in January, 1991. Beginning duties to sellers were made in January and February. In the ensuing months, as the inventories came to fruition, thing conjectures were over and again reexamined lastly solidified by May 1. By early July a high contrast adaptation of the design was accessible inside. Now, the item administrators gave off their product offering to the stock directors. The finished Fall 1991 lists were in the hands of clients around August

Technology and Crime Free Essays

Criminal Law Research Paper Whenever another innovation is discovered, similar to a twofold edged blade, it frequently brings both progressively advantageous life and plausibility of threat in which potential abuse of hole that may happen in its underlying creating stage. For as far back as 20 years, PC related advances and industry have been constantly progressing at radical speeds that incredibly changed our lifestyle. The presentation of web and digitalization of information has spared us tremendous time and work required in any case would have been squandered. We will compose a custom exposition test on Innovation and Crime or then again any comparable theme just for you Request Now Then again, in any case, it supported totally different kinds of property offenses that are unmistakable from conventional ones to emerge which posses’ troubles in managing them by customary method for moving toward property offenses. The principle troubles are, first, ‘Offences that were generally dedicated as relational offenses would now be able to be submitted at extraordinary separations and without the individual inclusion of any casualty. Second, the object of such offenses may not add up to larcenable property or, undoubtedly, property by any stretch of the imagination. [1] Examples of these wrongdoings incorporate, electronic finances move wrongdoing, electronic tax evasion, [2]counterfeiting, and programming robbery. [3] Contrary to customary property offenses, PCs combined with media communications innovation empowers guilty parties not to leave any hints of common organic proof in relational offenses, for example, fingerprints or hair that could prompt the wr ongdoer through legal tests. Regardless of whether the police followed back the PC that the reserve move wrongdoing was started, the genuine guilty party would be unsure if it’s situated in web bistro which is utilized by various clients. This obscurity is viewed as the significant fascination for guilty parties with cutting edge PC aptitudes to carry out such violations. This paper will talk about the adequacy of the present law in shielding the individuals from the new treats and potential approaches or strategies that could be executed by specialists to battle this issue. ::The Current Doctrine and issues:: It is evident to find that property rights have been the most significant element in our general public since the start of the civilisation as the most seasoned composed law, the Code of Hammurabi[4] which goes back to 1750 BC, contains codes that secured singular property. Assurance of possession urges individuals to work at their maximum capacity as an end-result of increment in their riches and influence that gives fulfillment and security. In the event that such insurance was missing, taking and harming individual belongings to fulfill the requirements and needs would have been intermittent and we probably won't have had the option to accomplish the way of life and the standardized savings we appreciate now. Under the present customary law framework, properties are ensured by both case law and rules. Clearly with respect to the historical backdrop of advancement, there are incalculable case laws identifying with property matter. Resolutions are likewise actualized so as to give security of the rights to supporting the courts if the sort of the offense is the enhanced one and there are no important specialists accessible for judges to depend on. Those securities have been building onto one and another from solid establishments and these days physical property insurance by the law appears to be very uncommon. Anyway the beginning of the advanced age presented a totally different scope of offenses that can't be sorted by conventional techniques. ::Nonattendance of Specific casualty or harm:: What might be the harm to the bank if their web banking office has been utilized for electronic tax evasion? There is no individual hurt or any physical property harm done to the bank. When a PC which happens to have a place with a CEO is hacked and classified data about a report that isn't planned for discharging to the open that predicts a shape ascend in share costs brought about by outstanding execution is recovered by the programmer and he/she and his/her companions make a great many dollars dependent on that data, is it conceivable to quantify the harm? Or then again does it at any point exist? As exampled, some new sorts of unlawful acts don't make explicit casualty or harm or the both. So as to manage these treats, the meaning of property has been reached out to ones that take types of electronic information and even to scholarly ones. By perceiving such properties it is currently conceivable to recognize the harm brought about and the casualty which empowers us to uphold the conventional principle of property offenses approach. To compensate the casualties for the harms they endured under the common law and to indict the guilty party and authorize punishments under the criminal law. :Sorts of new offenses:: Hacking and interruption into a PC framework is the most widely recognized type of PC based wrongdoing, programmers normally submit this offense so as to increase secret data or to assess the degree of safety efforts set up for planning of other offence[5]. Once in a while, a few programmers endeavor to break into a framework that’s monitored by solid security framework and harm the framework itself just to show the capacity of the person in question self. This sort of act is otherwise called electronic vandalism[6]. The following most basic offense is the protected innovation offenses, for example, penetrating duplicate rights by making unlawful copy of licensed innovation, for instance, books, films, music and games. This sort of offense is turning out to be increasingly more customary as the quick broadband web access’s being accessible to the vast majority of the families empowering such wrongfully duplicated materials to be flowed and disseminated at quick rate in any event, crossing outskirts with no check. Electronic supports move wrongdoing and electronic illegal tax avoidance are additionally significant violations that are getting progressively hard to direct with conventional counter measures. :Conventional Countermeasures:: Most regular techniques frequently picked by the administration is to make authoritative and managerial move to manage the issue before it turns crazy. Russell underlines in his diary ‘This strategy to condemn has, be that as it may, various threats. T o start with, is the trouble, noted by Dunning (1982, pp. 293-4), of over-arranging conduct: one wouldn't like to authorize another arrangement each time another stage of criminal conduct emerges. Preferably, the flexibility of a custom-based law framework will gracefully the exclusions of the governing body however there are cutoff points to which our legal executive will, and to be sure can, go. ’[7], that there are confines in authoritative and managerial methodology that the general public can take as real. There is likewise the basic issue of trouble when attempting to fight the new offenses with the customary methodology in evaluating the offences[8] since the nature and qualities of the offenses frequently leave no follow at all and furthermore specialists probably won't unveil the data in view of shame or business bother. Misleading measuring which makes the strategy producers to take contorted perspective on the reality of the issue is likewise the issue. For instance, ‘a quest for a US$0. 75 bookkeeping mistake in a PC account prompted the disentangling of a worldwide surveillance ring. ’[9] Event like this befuddles the leaders in choosing the level or level of guideline ought to be forced. Creativity of the wrongdoing additionally makes extraordinary test to the specialists, globalization of systems and broad of the web grants guilty parties to remain in their own nation and carry out wrongdoing in the frameworks of remote nation. This postures over the top challenges in deciding the spot of the event of the wrongdoing so as to choose which arraignment authority ought to hand the issue and where to gather and present proof to. ::Conceivable Alternative techniques for Prevention:: There are a few proposed ways for the legislature to manage the issue. Limiting the accessibility of new advancements themselves, or confining certain individuals from having and utilizing new innovations thus on†¦ Probably the most principal arrangement of all, thinking about abuse of the innovation, the analysts and engineers in the underlying phase of the procedure ought to apply wrongdoing counteraction quantifies that forestalls abuse of such powerless advances and if the expense is too high to even think about carrying out the alteration the administration ought to consistently consider to finance the procedure on the grounds that the expense of misuse of the shortcoming of the innovation may be considerably more prominent. Be that as it may, there is likewise plausibility that those precautionary measures executed could be undermined and the extra improvement costs disintegrated. The break of the DVD film title encryption and zone code insurance by programmers and saltines which presented Dvix is its genuine case. The following best savvy way is business solution[10]. Different requirements to shield one’s electronic resources from potential assailants would produce extensive market interest for electronic and instructive security. Organizations with aptitude of those issues would develop and it would give proficient advices, aides and security with sensible expense that would be definitely more short of what it would cost for singular demanders to grow such frameworks. Additionally from the interest for guaranteeing the remuneration for the harms caused electronically, new protection strategies would rise and secure the misfortunes brought about. When managing innovations that are produced for military or insightful use, it is best for the legislature to make a move that forestalls ownership and utilization of those advances by potential guilty parties. For example, code breaker program intended for military tasks ought to be confined for the utilization of the reasons proposed just, to accomplish that, it is ideal to segregate the program in chosen frameworks that are not associated with the web. Be that as it may if the techn

Unusual Article Uncovers the Deceptive Practices of Easy Comparison Essay Topics

Unusual Article Uncovers the Deceptive Practices of Easy Comparison Essay Topics The Honest to Goodness Truth on Easy Comparison Essay Topics Evaluation The next step is an easy analysis of everything that you've written down. The multiple topics could possibly be found, for instance, in the dissertation abstracts international database. In this piece, you will learn the easiest compare and contrast essay help. Appropriate paper writing includes a whole lot of research and an effortless comparison and contrast essay topics capacity to form strong arguments to defend your standpoint. When prior brainstorming is finished, you can begin drafting your essay. The usage of good informational essay topics can have an impact on how good a grade you get. To compose a high-quality paper, you've got to understand how to pick your topic properly and utilize it to create a practical outline. What You Can Do About Easy Comparison Essay Topics Starting in the Next 3 Minutes This moment, you must find out more about the topic to see the facts that contradict your thesis. Before you begin, it's essential to choose topics that you truly know well. Following that, you can't locate a best topic. Your topic has to be clear and understandable. Choosing the appropriate topics might take a while in case you don't have a list of sample topics facing you. The more prior knowledge or passion for a topic that you have, the simpler it is going to be to write. There are many techniques that may help you to pick a topic. You may also choose a single topic at the moment and get started practicing. The most recent video games are continuously stuffed via the arcade in the front part of the restaurant. Before you commence writing this form of essay, you must collect as much details about each item in comparison as possible. After you have read our helpful on-line article, we'd like to provide something you couldn't even imagine. You simply have to order an excellent essay from experts with the greatest academic degrees in a number of fields. Based on the kind of work you're citing, you might have to include extra details. To collect such info, a detailed principal research is demanded. Post-concussion syndrome info. China has many various pure resources probably due to its vastness. Before you begin any paper, you want to get an understanding of the way to write it. Take notes while reading the materials it's a good head-start! Together with a complete expert attitude our experts also place particular emphasis on the customer's expectations also. Both tablets and textbooks have numerous benefits and a few disadvantages at the exact time. Enough practice in reading and writing will supply you with an extra advantage. If you're into technology, then you may write a paper at which you'll compare similarities or name differences between the two kinds of smartphones. Whatever They Told You About Easy Comparison Essay Topics Is Dead Wrong...And Here's Why You are able to even go on and mention some future developments. For instance, you might think of similarities or differences if we are purchasing a new MP3 player or picking a place to study English. If you are going to write a comparative essay, you want to get a notion of the impacts of unique aspects to the result which you may get at the conclusion of the writing activity. You don't necessarily have to analyze the life span of people from precisely the same region or field of activity. New Questions About Easy Comparison Essay Topics Think about chunking longer writing assignments so students don't need to finish a very long essay all at one time. They write better papers when they have some good examples in front of them. They can typically understand the structure with just a short amount of instruction. They need to successfully complete the curriculum of both educational institutions in order to advance in many careers. By observing the differences between the two sorts of bags, you will have the ability to observe that using paper is better than using plastic. So over time, the counter was worn smooth by countless elbows. The foundation for comparison is going to be the figure of the gentleman. A good example will give a general idea.

Cape Literature Ia Much Ado About Nothing by William...

The 1993 film adaptation of William Shakespeare’s Much Ado about Nothing, by Kenneth Branagh, differs in many aspects from the original script written by Shakespeare. Branagh employs brilliant cinematography, manipulating lighting, camera angles to produce a carefree version to the original text. The soundtrack is dazzling and his interpretation breathes life and vitality into this old world play. According to critic Vincent Canby, â€Å"He has taken a Shakespearean romantic comedy, the sort of thing that usually turns to mush on the screen and made a movie that is triumphantly romantic, comic and, most surprising of all, emotionally alive† (May 7th, 1993). Lighting, music and technology enhance the various moods that perpetuate the film and†¦show more content†¦As the film progresses Branagh exploits the use of the different camera angles to provide emotional information about the characters involved in the scene which thus allows the audience to form judgment s about those said characters. For instance, when Benedick first speaks, the camera angle changes to focus on Beatrice - she scowls. This close-up allows the audience intimate details of the character’s emotional state. Here it hints to a history, a painful one at that, between the two. Even in the shaming scene, Branagh is able to focus on Margaret. In the original text Margaret is completely left out. Shakespeare was not privy to the advances of technology thus he was not able to do as Branagh did, thus Margaret was left out of the original scene. However through her show of guilt Branagh is able to reassure the audience that this will not last a feat Shakespeare achieved through manipulating language and plot structure. Significantly, when the villains tell of the â€Å"betrayal† of Hero the plan is never revealed however, and the camera angle switches to show Hero in her bed alone again reaffirming to the audience the truth something Shakespeare attained through la nguage. Also as Branagh abridges the two gulling scenes, he is able to then superimpose the end of each scene, one over the next to show both characters experiencing the same thing. The cameras focus on their faces highlighting the immense joy they are both

Issues of Memory and Community at the Heart of the...

What are the issues of memory and community at the heart of the Australian History Wars? Attwood, Bain, ‘Contesting frontiers: history, memory and narrative in a national museum’, reCollections: Journal of the National Museum of Australia, Vol. 1, No. 2, 2006, pp. 103-114. This article provides information concerning: memories that society wants to acknowledge and pass on to future generations; the manner in which those memories are represented; the responsibility that society has to fully represent aspects of history while also brining into questions the unwillingness to recognise and respect different conceptions of history and how this can diminish the potential that museums have to advance cross-cultural understanding. This article is especially useful in addressing the issues of memory at the heart of the Australian history wars as it examines in detail the effect of the representation of memories, how they are framed, and in which formats they are reported, upon how they are received by an audience and by academia. The article addresses the factor that the relevance and validity of memories can be seen as discredited by academia because, in this case, they have not been sourced from written evidence by the party presenting the memory and therefore decrease their value from an empirical standpoint. 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Business Valuation and Analysis of Tassal Group †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Business Valuation and Analysis of Tassal Group. Answer: Economic environment of Tassal group In Australia, the aquaculture industry has constituted a strong growth over the last five years. The industry has accounted a growth rate of 5% per annum. Growth of the industry continues despite interruption in fish production following outbreak of disease in 2014-2015. Tassal group captures the largest market share with share being 16.5% (tsga.com.au 2018). Economic environment of Tassal group is characterized by existing tax rates, stability of global and domestic economy, market size, public investment in research and development and sustainable growth rate. The company has experienced a low barriers to the market entry. However, steady growth has been maintained by company with its unique product supply. The relationship with partners and suppliers play an important role in performance of the company. The global economic environment that affects the aquaculture industry worldwide plays an important role for Australia and for the concerned company. The relatively high value of Au stralian dollar has put limit on export penetration (aussiefarms.org.au 2018). However, the low level of export penetration suggests a considerable scope business expansion in the international market. The value of Australian dollar has declined providing an opportunity for export in future. Performance of the company over the last five year The company is in a path of continuous growth. The per capita consumption of salmon in Australia is growing. The company is committed to meet the growing demand for consumption. Tassal group provides continuous support to salmon industry with its continuous growth (tassalgroup.com.au 2018). The company offers a wide range of variety to its customers from the perspective of both product and brand. Being dependent on agriculture, the company often face agricultural risk. Salmon involves a growing cycle of 3 years. Therefore, there are high possibility of supply shortage. To address this issue and maintain Salmon stocks throughout the year the company has focused on imported stock of Salmon. The Tassal group is expected to be leading brand in this future following its diversified growth strategy. Figure 1: Revenue of Tassal group in the last five years (Source: tassalgroup.com.au 2018) Figure 2: Net profit of Tassal group in last five years (Source: tassalgroup.com.au 2018) As shown from the above figure, revenue of the company has increased in the last five years. This indicates growing profitability of the company. Economic indicator affecting the company The macroeconomic factors such as gross domestic product, inflation, saving, interest rate, foreign exchange and business cycle volatility affect aggregate demand and investment of the economy (tsga.com.au 2018). The five major economic factor that have influenced performance of the company include GDP, inflation, interest rate, consumer demand and foreign exchange rate. The GDP growth rate in Australia has declined in recent years with an accounted growth rate that is below the expected level. The declining GDP generally is not a good sign for business. However, tassal group has not affected from a slowdown in GDP because of a steady growth of consumption. The household consumption grew at a rate of 1.1 percent (tradingeconomics.com 2018). The inflation rate in Australia has remained at a relatively stable level. The cost of food and non-alcoholic beverages fell from -0.2 percent to -0.7 percent. The declining food price in turn raises peoples affordability of sea food. Tassal group being a leading company in the aquaculture industry is benefitted from increasing affordability as reflected from increasing revenue and net profit of the company (tassalgroup.com.au 2018). The interest rate in Australia has settled at a historic low level. The RBA has left the cash rate to a rate of 1.5 percent. The low interest rate has contributed to an increase in the business investment along with a strong export. The interest rate has been kept at the low level due to raise Australias growth rate in line with other advanced economy. The prosperous economy in turn implies a healthy environment for business of Tassal group. Consumer demand for seafood in Australia has continued to grow. The per capita consumption is expected to grow by 3.7% between 2015-16 and 2020-21. The per capita consumption is expected to be 19.0 kilogram by 2021 (ibisworld.com.au 2015). Increase in peoples income coupled with increasing health consciousness and health benefits from specific seafood especially Salmon has raised demand for companys product causing the business to grow. The competitiveness of the company influenced by the movement of exchange rate against its competitors and trading partners. Australian dollar has recorded a strong appreciation from 2001-02 to 2007-08 against both US dollar and Japanese yen. The appreciated currency reduced the import cost, helping the company import Salmon from its trading partners. In 2013-14, the Australian dollar depreciated by 10 percent (aussiefarms.org.au 2018). This puts a downward pressure on export price. The export revenue of the company has increased by 32.3% reaching a volume of 1172 tone in 2016 from 886 tons in 2015. References Aussiefarms.org.au. (2016).Australian Fisheries and Aquaculture Statistics. [online] Available at: https://www.aussiefarms.org.au/uploads/documents/2090-000000199-43a87df513-australian-fisheries-aquaculture-statistics-20.pdf [Accessed 7 Apr. 2018]. Ibisworld.com.au. (2018).Soaring seafood consumption fails to deliver significant growth for Australias fishing and aquaculture industries : Media Centre. [online] Available at: https://www.ibisworld.com.au/media/2015/12/15/soaring-seafood-consumption-fails-to-deliver-significant-growth-for-australias-fishing-and-aquaculture-industries/ [Accessed 7 Apr. 2018]. Tassalgroup.com.au. (2018).Tassal Group Annual Reports. [online] Available at: https://tassalgroup.com.au/investors/reports/annual-reports/ [Accessed 7 Apr. 2018]. Tassalgroup.com.au. (2018).Tassal Group Tassal Growth Continues. [online] Available at: https://tassalgroup.com.au/tassal-growth-continues/ [Accessed 7 Apr. 2018]. Tradingeconomics.com. (2018).Australia Interest Rate | 1990-2018 | Data | Chart | Calendar | Forecast. [online] Available at: https://tradingeconomics.com/australia/interest-rate [Accessed 7 Apr. 2018]. Tsga.com.au. (2018).Economic Impact Assessment, Tasmanian Aquaculture Industry. [online] Available at: https://www.tsga.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/TSGA15-Economic-Impact-Report.pdf [Accessed 7 Apr. 2018].

Was A Military Struggle Fought Principally In Kuwait And Iraq During J

Was a military struggle fought principally in Kuwait and Iraq during January and February 1991. The crisis began in August 1990, when Iraq, led by President Saddam Hussein, invaded and annexed Kuwait. Between August and November the United Nations Security Council passed a series of resolutions that culminated in the demand that Iraq withdraw unconditionally from Kuwait by January 15, 1991. By that time, some 500,000 allied ground, air, and naval forces?chiefly from the United States, Saudi Arabia, Great Britain, Egypt, Syria, and France?were arrayed against an Iraqi army estimated at that time to number 540,000. Under the command of U.S. General H. Norman Schwarzkopf, the multinational coalition began intensive aerial bombardment of military targets in Iraq and Kuwait within 24 hours after the UN deadline expired, using advanced weaponry such as laser-guided bombs and cruise missiles, as well as conventional weapons. After establishing air superiority, coalition forces disabled Iraq's command and control centers, especially in Baghdad and Al Basrah of transport and communication between Baghdad and the troops in the field; and relentlessly attacked Iraq's infantry, which was dug in along the Saudi-Kuwaiti border, and the 125,000-man Republican Guard in southeastern Iraq and northern Kuwait. Some Iraqi aircraft were shot down; many more were bombed in shelters or fled to Iran. Iraq retaliated by using mobile launchers to fire Scud missiles at Saudi Arabia and Israel, a noncombatant; the U.S. countered this threat with patriot antimissile missiles. In mid-February, with its military and civilian casualties rapidly mounting, Iraq signaled its willingness to withdraw from Kuwait. A series of conditional Iraqi offers, mediated by the Soviet Union, were rejected by the coalition. Instead, allied forces began a coordinated air-land offensive, breaching Iraq's main line of defense at the Saudi-Kuwaiti border and swiftly advancing through southern Iraq to outflank the main Iraqi force and cut off the Republican Guard's principal avenue of retreat. Within 100 hours, the city of Kuwait had been liberated, and ten of thousands of Iraqi troops had deserted, surrendered, or been captured or killed. Coalition combat losses were astonishingly light: as of February 28, when offensive operations were suspended, only 149 allied troops had been killed and 513 wounded. Damage to Kuwait was extensive, however, as retreating Iraqi forces looted the capital and set fire to most of Kuwait's oil wells. Iraqi representatives accepted allied terms for a provisional truce on March 3 and a permanent cease-fire on April 6. Iraq agreed to pay reparations to Kuwait, reveal the location and extent of its stockpiles of chemical and biological weapons, and eliminate its weapons of mass destruction. Subsequently, however, UN inspectors complained that the Baghdad government was frustrating their attempts to monitor Iraqi compliance. The war in the Persian Gulf was a war of religios fervor, and cruel leadership. Desert Storm was the same type of war that had occured in this area for many years except for one fact. In Operation Desert Storm, sophisticated technology was used to end the war in a quick and timely manner. In 1979 Saddam Hussien took control of Iraq, and immediatly set the tone for his rule by killing 21 of his cabinet members. He wanted to make his country whole once again so in 1990 he invaded Kuwait and in less than 4 hours he had taken Kuwait and controlled 24% of the worlds oi l supplies. It seemed as if his next target was Saudi Arabia. This was where the United States entered after a call for protection by Saudi Arabia. The United States set a deadline, January 15, 1991 for all Iraq forces to be out of Kuwait, but Saddam ignored the deadline. That triggered Desert Shield, or the build-up of troops in the region and eventually lead to Desert Storm, a all-out attack to free Kuwait. It can be clearly said that due to the extreme power and sophistication of the U.S. and her allies that Saddam and his tiny nation of 17 million people stood no chance against the military might that is the United States and its Allies. Chronology: Important Events 1990 Hussein accuses Kuwait on 17 July of oil overproduction and theft of oil from the Rumailia Oil Field. 1990 On 25 July US Ambassador to Iraq, April

Huroun al-Rashid Vs. Shi Huangdi essays

Huroun al-Rashid Vs. Shi Huangdi essays Shi Huandgdi, the first emperor of the Qin Dynasty and Huran al-Rashid the fifth caliph of the Abbasid dynasty are viewed more as great builders than cruel tyrants. Shi Huangdi was a great builder from the start; ascending to the thrown at the early age of 13 at 246 BCE, he immediately began construction of his extraordinary mausoleum, which was completed soon after his death in 210 BCE. Shi Hanged is remembered as the ruler who united the clans of ancient China, in doing so, he ordered the construction of a vast infrastructure of roads and canals and the connection of various border walls of his kingdom into one great wall, The Great Wall of China. Shi Hong also is responsible for building the eight wonder of the world. The Terracotta Army which was found in the center of Shi Huangdis mausoleum. The army faces the east guarding his tomb from the enemies he vanquished during his reign. The achievements alone would compare easily with the accomplishments of Augustus or Alexander the Great of Greece, however Shi Hanged was also a tyrannical despot and ruled with an iron hand for many years, handing down draconian laws and levying large tax r ates to oppress the commoners of ancient China and to maintain his tight hold on the monarchy. For example, books written by past teacher like Confucius were burned and destroyed for fear that people would read them and complain about their current state of life. (National Geographic Magazine p. 13). Without his hold on the monarchy and his tyrannical rule, exercising power in a harsh and cruel manner, Shi Haungdi could not have become the great builder he is known as today. Shi Huangdi was not the only great builder during the classical civilization era. Caliph Haroun al-Rashid was the fifth caliph of the Abbasid dynasty and grandson of Al-Mansour. Al-Rashid was not a real student of politics, and was more a patron of learning, music, and t ...

Compare and Contrast the History of Coffee in Brazil, Colombia, and Essay

Compare and Contrast the History of Coffee in Brazil, Colombia, and Costa Rica in the Nineteenth and Twentieth century - Essay Example It has been proven that during monopoly, Coffee is one of the most favored, finest, and the richest product of the people until now. The reason why they always wanted this overwhelming product that made coffee to be the world's largest in trading. The major coffee importing countries are United States, Germany, Japan, Italy, and other European countries. These include the South and Latin America, as the major importing countries; such as Brazil, Colombia, and Costa Rica. Let us tackle the history of the three countries: the Brazil, Colombia, and Costa Rica, and on how their coffee products came to be different in the 19th century and 20th century It's Francisco de Mello Palheta who introduced coffee in Brazil. He got some coffee beans in France to be planted in 1727. Paran, Espirito Santos, So Paulo, Minas Geraes, and Bahi are the states in Brazil where coffee cultivars were grown. In the past, Brazilian coffee refers only to a low quality mixer. It is the time when the Organizations and Institution of the coffee industry such as International Coffee Organization (ICO) and the Brazilian Institute de Caf (IBC) set quotas for importing and exporting coffee products. They just only consider the price, quantity and the volume of the product because of the quota system. Brazilian coffee plays only as a mixer in the higher quality coffee to reach the demands of quota considering its quantity and not its quality. Because of these, other coffee sectors deteriorate while other rises. But , the new government in Brazil have observed the problem of these quota system, so they decided to broke this system to a new right to have a reformation on how coffee was processed and most importantly, to develop its economy and industry through a coffee product trade. The San Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Minas Geraes, and Espiritu Santo are some of the districts in Brazil who are the coffee growers. Of these four states, San Paulo produces the largest quantity and certainly the finest quality.But according to the Diagnostico da Cafeicultura em Minas Gerais, the vast majority of farms in Brazil are less than ten hectares in size and only 4% of farms were larger than 50 hectares. It means even though Brazil has a small portion of farm to harvest coffee beans, still, Brazil is the world's largest coffee producer and that produces a large supply of coffee in the world. And they say that eighty percent of this is Arabica. Their coffee undergoes to the following processes: Wet processing (washed) Dry processing (natural) Semi-washed process (pulped natural) Of the three processes mentioned above, the vast majority still processed the dry method because we all know that Brazil is one of the countries in the world that has the appropriate weather to do this process. Many people observe that Brazil is one of the most advanced and well-cared-for processing systems in industry. They carefully pick and nurture even an individual bean, that a single bean can create a larger number of coffee beans. Government was interested in this coffee trade because the financial stability of the country depends

Museum Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Museum Report - Essay Example One of the practitioners of this style of painting was Paul Cezanne, a French painter, though some critics put him in the post-impressionist period. However a study of his works show that many of his paintings have the characteristics associated with the impressionist style (Impressionist 3). One example of Cezanne's work that exemplifies his style of painting is the 'Farmhouse and Chestnut Trees at Jas-de-Bouffan' the Cezanne family estate at Aix in the south of France. Cezzane's early work did not meet with much success, and it is only later, once introduced to this style of art that the "black and morbid atmosphere of his paintings gradually changes as he concentrates on landscape subjects" (Expo, Paul Cezanne). Moreover, impressionist paintings feature "short 'broken' strokes of pure untinted and unmixed color" (Impressionism 2) and these characteristics are very much in evidence in this painting, especially in the manner in which the leaves have been painted. This aspect has to be viewed in the backdrop of the technique then in vogue of "having an almost smooth surface of the canvas without visible brush strokes" (Impressionism 2). Another feature of this painting which also fits the Impressionist style is the absence of define lines to determine the edges of various objects, which is true of the chestnut tree

Marketing Mix Essay Example for Free

Marketing Mix Essay â€Å"Marketing Mix† is a set of strategy marketing tools that a firm mingles and pursues its marketing objective in the target market. (Kotler and Armstrong, 2006, p.51) The main purpose of marketing is satisfies the needs of consumers. This concept was introduced by Harvard University Professor Neil Borden first adopted in 1964. (Neil Borden, 1964) It is the basis for the development of corporate marketing strategy in order to guarantee and satisfaction consumer needs and wants. In addition, it is also a trick for corporate against a strong competitor to rational allocation of corporate marketing budget costs and avoids the market failure. In the early 1950s, Professor McCarthy inference if a firm wants to develop marketing activities should be controlled factors grouped into four categories which are product, price, place and promotion. (McCarthy, 1960) The emergence of the marketing mix means that the concept of market operators to complete the transformation of old and new regulations read, the development of new ideas marketing concept. The marketing concept is the core of the target customers needs as the centre, the implementation of the marketing mix focusing on the overall market to obtain profits and achieve corporate marketing objectives. For example, the marketers will use the tools to adapt the consumer differ from that of a traditional and new technology product which is telegraph and Apple. The telegraph is a kind of communication services in the early 19th century invention, is the earliest use of electricity to communicate. The telegraph has greatly accelerated the flow of messages, is one of the important inventions of the industrial society. Early telegraph communications in the land, and later used the submarine cable to carry out long-distance service. To the early 20th century, began to use the radio sent telegram to the telegraph business basically have been able to reach most of the region on Earth. Telegraph is mainly used as a pass text messages. (Robert, 2012) Apples was established in 1976 by Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak, the core business is electronic technology products. The most famous product is the MacBook, iPod music player, iTunes Store, iPhone and the iPad Tablet PC. It is known for innovation in high-tech enterprise. When they introduced  iphone4 and iPad, it is shook the entire world, because it delivers the latest advanced and progressive in the smart phone to the people. Coupled with the advances of the Internet, people can communicate with each other in the quickest and shortest possible time. (Shane, 2010, p.2) When the telegraph was invented was shook the world; Apple technology developed was also shook the world. However, two products were invented at different times, so the marketing mix will be also different. Marketing Mix Tools Product Product is anything that can be offered to the market/consumer in order to satisfy their needs and wants. The types of product divide into tangible (physical goods) and intangible (services). (Philip Kotler et al, 2005, p.34) The telegraph was provided service to send the message from place to place and the Apple Company was provided physical goods to consumer e.g. IPhone and MacBook. According the MarketingTeacher theory, the core level of the two products is same. The reasons that both products shocked the world are the great inventions and consumers really want to buy for communications. 19th century, the augmented product are limited because the technology is not so developed, the telegraph service will be hampered, such as, Malaysia sent a telegram to the British have to spend more on time. Moreover, this service is difficult to guarantee that service failure in the middle or cannot reach. (Marketingteacher, 2012) However, at that time, the telegraph is the most advanced ways of communication. The telegraph introduced was successful to meet the consumers expectations. The Telegraph can do is keep the research becomes more convenient such as e-mail developed. With the advancement of the Internet, using IPhone to send information may only need a few of seconds or minutes. Advanced technology has been sufficient to attract and influence customers to buy e.g. Internet-ready communications device complete with email, web browsing, maps, application and more Apple has been able to become the largest electronics company because the brand-strategy decision. According Kotler and Keller theory, a company has 4 choices when it comes to brand strategy. Apples continuous  with line extension in recent years, such as the IPhone 3 development to the iPhone 4s. In addition, they also focus on brand extension e.g. IPod music player, MacBook, and IPad. (Kotler and Keller, 2011, p.260-261) Constant innovation will affect consumers become more eager to get better items. Apples was stimulated the certain product by implementing new design, operability, and user-friendly features. (Shane, 2010, p.13-19) Price Price is the amount of money paid by consumers in order to obtain goods and services. It is the most flexible marketing mix tools compared to the other three P because it can be changed according to certain situations. (Kotler and Armstrong, 2006, p.290) For example, price can change to low when serve a familiar customer. The era of the telegraph, telegraph monopoly by one company and demand more than supply. The absence of competitors, the level of prices is actually not greater impact on consumer decision-making. (Anonymous, 2010) In fact, the telegraph has reached maturity which mean successfully to maximize profit and maintain the market share, but in the end cannot be avoided the market penetration by new technology such as telephone and fax. Nowadays, the harvest strategies for the telegraph were still processing, but it become the history and use less service. â€Å"Apple also plans to continue lowering product prices, despite the fact that doing so would affect the company’s gross margins unfavourably.† (Shane, 2010, p.19) This obviously shows Apple considering the current trend. There are a lot of competitors, the price must be reduced, and consumers will give priority to their own economic situation and needs. For example, the MacBook is very expensive, but other brands have the same technology, but the price is low, then the Apple will lose in price. In fact, there are many factors to help Apple successful, such as, iPhone does not have the driving force without internet, or, people do not have high purchasing power in less advanced country, Place Place refers to urban and suburban whereby goods and services are made available to customer. (Philip Kotler et al, 2005, p.34) Location is also very important tactic, if the telegraph company established beside garbage,  this is impossible there are business opportunities. Apples successful because it expands the market size of the companys product to every urban in the worlds. They have a priority to brand honor, low price, and then choose a high population place, coupled with a reasonable promotion, the consumer is difficult to reject the attractive of the good opportunity to satisfy the needs and wants. For example, consumers can buy the iPhone in every city. Even if Apple was provide a good product, but there are other factors to affect the sales volume such as PEST. For example, in Malaysia, the government set the minimum salary is not high; economic downturn; the extremists are not satisfied with phone radiation; or higher scientific and technological discovery. The contrary, the telegraph machine may be a country only a few units, if consumer want to send a message, he must go very far in order to be sent information. However, they share the invention to the world, thus affecting the entire market. Countries can use the telegraph to the purchase of advanced equipment from foreign countries, is very fast compared to letters. Communications make it easier for the world to develop their own countries, such as London and New York. At the same time, the inventions of telegraph available share to other inventors in order to research and development other invention, such as telephone and Internet. Promotion Promotion is a planned effort of an organization to communicate the company offerings to customer as well as trade members, it is also known as marketing communications. (Philip Kotler et al, 2005, p.34) As competition, Apples combinations of more promotional tools (promotion mix) (Kotler and Armstrong, 2006, p.290) used to provide information and services to consumers, such as advertising the new type of iPhone 4s, or, remind the iPad product still available on market. And, sales promotion which is the package promotion provided by the middle man. For example, Maxis communicate company launched buy in low price with two 2 year contract for using Maxis service line. (Maxis 2012) In opposite, the telegraph was invented, may be placed on billboards to inform the existence of the telegraph service. Or, they may in publish in the newspaper to post the benefits of the telegraph.  Today it is impossible to see the telegraph promotional, because the telegraph has reached decline stage in product life-cycle. The promotion is a very important tool to reach consumers, providers must be given attractive and priorities guideline to consumers, in order to achieve market comparative advantages Conclusion Conclusion, if the company has long existed in the market, consideration must be given to 4p will not stop the service to the consumers. Second, companies must avoid all factors that influence consumer decisions making and continuous research and development in order to avoid be eliminated by new technology. - Question 2 (Part 2) a)  My name is Apple is a red with white strips of fruit plants. Apple flesh has a wealth of minerals and vitamins, the most commonly people used fruit. My flesh contains vitamin C and B, carotene, riboflavin, pyridoxine, dietary fibre and vitamin B complex, and so on Nutrition. Vitamin C is a powerful natural antioxidant which helps the body to develop and increase the resistance, and cleared from the body of the harmful free radicals. Dietary fibre can helps prevent absorption of dietary LDL cholesterol in the gut. The dietary fibres also help protect the mucous membrane of the colon from exposure to toxic substances by binding to cancer causing chemicals in the colon. (Nutrition-and-you, 2012) In addition, my skin is yellow, green and red, yellow and red where the flesh is sweet, while the blue is sweet with a tart. Planting apple will not be very difficult, farmer only need the seeds of apple and buried in the soil to take care of, in the end can grow a new generation of â€Å"me†. Peoples market, consumer can buy me with 0.2 pounds per unit. However, not every country of the soil can be cultivated apple, in some countries, the weather was too hot, or too cold, there are not suitable to  grow a sweet and delicious apple e.g. Arabia and Egypt. (Rutuja Jathar, 2011) My apple peel is rich in antioxidant function, so it gives me more durable. Businesses are regarded me long-distance transported to other countries, and keep fresh selling out. My fleshes bring a lot of benefit; therefore, businesses have to use my benefits to earn profit in the market. Some marketers edit my appearance as a billboard to let people know the benefits; some lecturer launch courses to teach people why eat apple; some even speak An apple a day keeps the doctor away., let people every days put me into their mouth. But I am very happy, because it can provide nutrition to the people, and also to give business opportunities to the businesses. b) The 21st century, as the peoples lifestyle changes, healthy is the future trends. Marketers were took my benefits packed into the marketing mix to make a profit e.g. health care products. In fact, the benefits also allow employers to solve some problems, that is, reduce the employees work attitude. Some unemployed tradesmen are quite willing to interview, but less than enthusiastic about taking a job. In fact, every companys marketing strategy will directly affect the employees attitude, such as the companys tactics cannot growth the profit, so will make employee lose fighting spirit. My marketing mix, it is undeniable that can help many employees. First, according to the Matt Michel theory, the visibility and benefits of the product is to improve the companys sales. Sales will be able to enhance the employees salary, which is the best reason to convince the employees. If the company is not profitable, the employee is no longer rescued by the employer. The employee will be particularly concerned about the ability to obtain better benefits, such as salary increase, allowances, and so on. Secondly, although the price is just one ringgit an apple, but this price is a very big influence to the market. Some people believe that the price of one ringgit is difficult to obtain more profit, but the global populations are more than 6.9 billion, if one person to eat an apple a day, if an apple earns 0.01 pounds, the employer successful to earn 69million. If the employer with a high brand image, employee can be proud to work in the  company. Thirdly, apple can sell all over the world can affect the employment rate. Some places cannot grow apples, but the employer can transfer the apple to the country with the advance of technology e.g. keep fresh and air transportation. The finally is promotion. â€Å"An apple a day keeps the doctor away’, I believe everyone knows the proverb. There is no doubt that it was enough to affect the consumers of existing and next generation, and only need the proverb advertising to remind the consumers to buy it. Apples low has been reached maturity, unless it was confirmed that the Apple bringing harmful, otherwise the employee will agree that the business opportunity of apple will not be end. (Matt Michel, 2010) c)  Admittedly, I have many benefits but also have a negative side. Apple skin can protect the pulp of fresh, but if it loses the apple skin, the pulp will become no nutrition and broken just in ten minutes, so consumers must be finish it in short time. Of course, the solution is placed the flesh in the water contains antioxidant, so apple can maintain and extend the nutrition of the flesh, but this is only a temporary solution, it is best to immediately eat. Apple is a natural plant items, Apple can improve peoples health, which is the largest business opportunities. Consumer only can use the existing technology to maintain the nutrition of apple such as plastic fresh wrap. Reference Part 1 reference Philip Kotler, Gary Armstrong, 2006. Principles of Marketing 14th edition, p.51-290, Pearson Education Limited, Prentice Hall, USA. Borden, Neil H. (1964), The Concept of the Marketing Mix, Journal of Advertising Research, 4 (2), 2-7. Robert McNamara, unknown year (2012 copyright). The Invention of the Telegraph Changed Communication Forever: A Communication Revolution Wired the World In the 19th Century, online, n.d, available from World Wide Web: http://history1800s.about.com/od/inventioninnovation/a/telegraph01.htm [accessed date 03th May 2012] Shane R. Mittan, 2010. APPLE: A Case Study Analysis, 28th Jan, Western Michigan University, West Michigan Ave, Kalamazoo, Philip Kotler, Veronica Wong, John Saunders, Gary Armstrong, 2005. Principles of Marketing, 4th European Edition, p.34-36, Pearson Education Limited, Mateu-Cromo Artes Graficas, Spain. Anonymous, 2010, History of the U.S Telegraph Industry, online, 01th Feb, available from World Wide Web: http://eh.net/encyclopedia/article/nonnenmacher.industry.telegraphic.us [accessed date on 03th May 2012] Marketingteacher, 2012, Three Levels of a Product, online, n.d, available from World Wide Web: http://marketingteacher.com/lesson-store/lesson-three-levels-of-a-product.html# [Accessed date on 04th May 2012] Philip Kotler and Kevin Lane Keller, 2011. Marketing Management, 14th Edition, Pearson Education Limited, 18th Feb, p.260-261, Prentice Hall, USA. Maxis, 2012. iPhone 4S: iVALUE PLANS, online, n.d, available from World Wide Web: http://www.maxis.com.my/personal/iphone/rates.asp [accessed date on 04th May 2012] IOANNIS KOMNINOS, 2002, Product Life Cycle Management, online, n.d, source from URENIO, available from World Wide Web: http://www.urenio.org/tools/en/Product_Life_Cycle_Management.pdf [accessed date on 04th May 2012] Part 2 References Rutuja Jathar, 2011. Apple Trees Planting: Location, online, 20th September, available from World Wide Web: http://www.buzzle.com/articles/apple-trees-planting.html [accessed date on 07th May 2012] nutrition-and-you, 2012. Apple fruit nutrition facts, online, n.d, available from World Wide Web: http://www.nutrition-and-you.com/apple-fruit.html [accessed date on 07th May 2012] Matt Michel, 2010. tilize a marketing mix to recruit employees, online, 1st Nov, available from World Wide Web: http://contractormag.com/columns/michel/utilize-marketing-mix-1110 [accessed date on 07th May 2012]

Comparing the Gothic Revival in England Before and After 1820 Essay

Comparing the Gothic Revival in England Before and After 1820 The Gothic revival in England before and after 1820 was very different in many ways. Before the start of the Gothic revival the mediaeval style, since the last Gothic structure in 1509 of Henry VII ’s chapel, was seen as irrational and illogical and as one man described it as barbaric. This was one of the main causes that the mediaeval buildings of the 18th century fell into disrepair. During the Cromwellian period many Gothic buildings were classical in the interior and church interiors in the 17th century became increasingly boring and plain. Many statues, altars and windows were destroyed. Some attempts at gothic architecture were made in 17th century but many were a mix-match of ideas. Even though in the early1600’s there was an early flowering of mediaeval architecture with the Kings College in Cambridge. This carried on in to the 18th century where more and more people dabbled in the gothic style with out a full understanding of how gothic architecture worked as a structural system. They confused stages of the gothic period, which were later defined by Thomas Rickman in is writing, and also used Classical forms such as pilaster and venetian windows. Many interiors were of a classical form a layout and some times other style were thrown in. Some gothic forms were even used on the exterior of building where they didn’t perform the function they were meant to. This shows how little the architects of the 18th century studied the mediaeval and how little they understood it. The interest of Gothic grew more and more as gothic was seen to stimulate the imagination. It was seen as part of English romantic tradition, which sparked off an interest in artificial ruins in landscape design of the 18th century. Which was used as a means of heightening the atmosphere of the garden. An example of some artificial ruins is that of Wimpole hall designed by James Essex in 1768. Another inspirational architect in this time was William Kent. His designs using ogee pointed arches with a classical cornice inspired Batty Langley to produce a study in which he analyzed Gothic in terms of classical orders. A comparison with true mediaeval and Gothic architecture at this time shows that at this time all Gothic architecture was a decorative style to be applied as ornament to regular structures and s... .... After the houses of parliament burnt down the chosen style was Gothic not Classical. Pugin undertook all of the interior work. Another example was Scarisbirck Hall in Southport built in 1837 the great hall was with a timber framed roof with no classical plaster ceilings and it was all based on knowledge of the mediaeval architecture and all materials used were true. Pugin’s own house in St. Marie’s Grange built in1835 is based mediaeval vernacular forms it is stone built simplified Gothic and it used the theory of fitness for purpose. With regard to his house and his other works he said ‘a picturesque that arises out of strict utility’. John Ruskin(1819-1900) was very influential, his writings ‘Seven Lamps of Architecture’ influenced many people he had many similar view to Pugin apart from the fact he was Anglican and he led the way it their Gothic Revival. He also had a hope that there may be an acceptable style of iron architecture which may be developed so that Gothic could get a new lease of life. Works Cited: The Story of Architecture, Patrick Nuggins ,1996 History of Architecture Settings & Rituals, Spiro Kosof, 1985 Gothic Revival, Georg Germann, 1972

Energy Conservation in Transport

1.3 Transportation system Transportation is another sector that has increased its comparative portion of primary energy. This sector has serious concerns as it is a important beginning of CO2 emanations and other airborne pollutants, and it is about wholly based on oil as its energy beginning ( Figure 1.5 ; Kreith, West, and Isler 2002 ) . In 2002, the transit sector accounted for 21 % of all CO2 emanations worldwide. An of import facet of future alterations in transit depends on what happens to the available oil resources, production and monetary values. At present, 95 % of all energy for transit comes from oil. As explained subsequently in this chapter, irrespective of the existent sum of oil staying in the land, oil production will top out shortly. Therefore, the demand for careful planning for an orderly passage off from oil as the primary transit fuel is pressing. An obvious replacing for oil would be biofuels such as ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, biodiesel, and biogases. Some believe that H is another option, because if it could be produced economically from RE beginnings or atomic energy, it could supply a clean transit option for the hereafter. Some have claimed H to be a â€Å"wonder fuel† and hold proposed a â€Å"hydrogen-based economy† to replace the present carbon-based economic system ( Veziroglu and Barbir 1992 ) . However, others ( Shinnar 2003 ; Kreith and West 2004 ; Mazza and Hammerschlag 2005 ) difference this claim based on the deficiency of substructure, jobs with storage and safety, and the lower efficiency of H vehicles as compared to plug-in intercrossed or to the full electric vehicles ( West and Kreith 2006 ) . Already hybrid-electric cars are going popular around the universe as crude oil becomes more expensive. The environmental benefits of renewable biofuels could be increased by utilizing plug-in intercrossed electric vehicles ( PHEVs ) . These autos and trucks combine internal burning engines with electric motors to 0 20 40 60 80 100 1971 1980 1990 2002 Percentage Share of conveyance in planetary oil demand Share of oil in conveyance energy demand FIGURE 1.5 Share of conveyance in planetary oil demand and portion of oil in conveyance energy demand. ( Data and prognosis from IEA, World Energy Outlook, IEA, Paris, 2004. With permission. ) Global Energy System 1-5 maximise fuel efficiency. PHEVs have more battery capacity that can be recharged by stop uping it into a regular electric mercantile establishment. Then these vehicles can run on electricity entirely for comparatively short trips. The electric-only trip length is denoted by a figure, for example, PHEV 20 can run on battery charge for 20 stat mis. When the battery charge is used up, the engine begins to power the vehicle. The intercrossed combination reduces gasolene ingestion appreciably. Whereas the conventional vehicle fleet has a fuel economic system of about 22 mpg, loanblends such as the Toyota Prius can achieve about 50 mpg. PHEV 20s have been shown to attain every bit much as 100 mpg. Gasoline usage can be decreased even further if the burning engine runs on biofuel blends, such as E85, a mixture of 15 % gasolene and 85 % ethyl alcohol ( Kreith 2006 ; West and Kreith 2006 ) . Plug-in intercrossed electric engineering is already available and could be realized instantly without farther R & A ; D. Furthermore, a big part of the electric coevals substructure, peculiarly in developed states, is needed merely at the clip of peak demand ( 60 % in the United States ) , and the remainder is available at other times. Hence, if batteries of PHEVs were charged during off-peak hours, no new coevals capacity would be required. Furthermore, this attack would levelize the electric burden and cut down the mean cost of electricity, harmonizing to a survey by the Electric Power Research Institute ( EPRI ) ( Sanna 2005 ) . Given the potency of PHEVs, EPRI ( EPRI 2004 ) conducted a large-scale analysis of the cost, battery demands, economic fight of plug-in vehicles today and in the hereafter. As shown by West and Kreith, the net present value of lifecycle costs over 10 old ages for PHEVs with a 20-mile electric-only scope ( PHEV20 ) is less than that of a similar conventional vehicle ( West and Kreith 2006 ) . Furthermore, presently available Ni metal hydride ( NiMH ) batteries are already able to run into needed cost and public presentation specifications. More advanced batteries, such as lithium-ion ( Li-ion ) batteries, may better the economic sciences of PHEVs even further in the hereafter. 7.5.4 Transportation Energy Consumption Energy ingestion in the transit sector is projected to turn at an mean one-year rate of 1.7 % between 2003 and 2025 in the projection, making 39.4 quadrillion Btu in 2025. The growing in transit energy demand is mostly driven by the increasing personal disposable income, projected to turn yearly at approximately 3 % , consumer penchants for driving larger autos with more HP, and an addition in the portion of visible radiation trucks and athleticss public-service corporation vehicles that make up lightduty vehicles. Entire vehicle stat mis traveled by light-duty vehicles is projected to increase at an one-year rate of 2 % between 2003 and 2025 because of the addition in personal disposable income and other demographic factors. 8.1 Introduction This chapter presents tendencies in land usage, cargo, ground-transportation manners for people and cargo, transit fuel supply, and the chances for preservation that exist within each country. The chapter starts with a treatment of the transportation–land usage relationship for a better apprehension of the model within which the transit system maps and the design theories that purpose to influence manner pick and trip coevals. Next is a description of mass theodolite, with peculiar accent on how its energy usage compares to the energy usage of the car. The motion of cargo, its manners, and energy ingestion relation to the remainder of the transit system follows. Then, emerging hereafter engineerings are described ; the focal point of this subdivision is on vehicle efficiencies to conserve energy resources. Finally, the well-to-wheel energy analysis uniting fuel production and vehicle public presentation is presented, concentrating on what feedstocks are available and how they can be refined expeditiously into a fuel. 8.2 Land Use 8.2.1 Land Use and Its Relationship to Transportation There is a cardinal relationship between transit and land usage, because the distance between one’s beginning and finish will find the feasibleness, path, manner, cost, and clip necessary to go from one topographic point to another. Likewise, transit influences land usage as it impacts people’s determinations approximately where to populate and work, sing factors such as commute clip and cost, the distance to a quality school for a family’s kids, the safety and convenience of the paths to school, work, activities, and entree to goods and services. The best chance for preservation in transit Begins with the transportation–land usage relationship. An energy-efficient transit system feats and integrates all manners instead than merely the main road. However, current land usage ordinances, codifications, and development tendencies are designed entirely for the single-occupant vehicle ( SOV ) and do non expeditiously back up other travel options. A more balanced system that incorporates mass theodolite, walking, bicycling, and other options would be more energy-efficient. These manners are less energy intensive and would cut down traffic congestion, vehicle idleness, and inefficient stop-and-go traffic. However, land usage must be designed for multimodal motion for such a balanced system to be realized. Land usage and the population in the U.S. have become more decentralised over clip ( see Figure 8.1 ) . The distribution of land utilizations into residential, commercial, and concern countries increases the distances between the many day-to-day necessities of life so that walking and bicycling are either impracticable or insecure ; it besides makes mass theodolite inefficient because Michigans would be required to function each individual’s needs. Therefore, personal vehicles are the most convenient and most widely chosen manner of transit for day-to-day travel demands given the type of development most normally used in the U.S. A more systemsoriented attack, incorporating prosaic, bike, car, and mass-transit webs within a higher-density developmental construction would be more energy-efficient, but this state of affairs is non the norm in the U.S. today. 8.3 Alternate Transportation system: Mass Transit The efficiency of mass-transit service typically decreases with the denseness of land utilizations. However, denseness is non the individual factor finding the success or failure of a theodolite system. Vuchic ( 1999 ) notes the success of the theodolite webs in fanned countries of San Francisco, Washington, Montreal, Calgary, and peculiarly the suburbs of Philadelphia ( with a lower population denseness than that of Los Angeles: 3500 people per square stat mi ) . Many contrivers and designers suggest a â€Å"hierarchy† of manners instead than the individual manner system that dominates most countries: at the base is a web of bicycle- and pedestrianfriendly streets that support the local coach system, which in bend feeds a regional theodolite web. As each constituent relies on the others, their integrating is indispensable for transit’s success ( Calthorpe and Fulton 2001 ) . Furthermore, â€Å"the balance between auto and theodolite usage in cardinal metropoliss is strongly influenced by the character of the country ( its physical design, organisation of infinite, and types of development ) and by the comparative convenience and attraction of the two systems† ( Vuchic 1999 ) . 10. Narrow streets 9. Traffic volumes 8. Sidewalks 7. Street trees 6. Interconnected streets 5. On-street parking 4. Lower traffic velocities 3. Mixed land usage 2. Buildings looking the street 1. Small block size FIGURE 8.3 Top 10 walkability factors. ( From Hall, R. , Walkable thoroughfares through balanced design. Presentation at The Nuts & A ; Bolts of Traditional Neighborhood Development Conference, Richmond, VA, 2005. ) Several different types of theodolite exist to function the demands of the populace. â€Å"Demand response† describes the paratransit manner, by which a rider calls a starter who sends the theodolite vehicle ( a bird coach or cab ) to the passenger’s door and delivers her to her finish. Commuter rail denotes regional rail operating between a metropolis and its suburban countries ; light rail implies one or two autos utilizing overhead electricity as a power beginning and operating within a metropolis, frequently sharing the streets with cars ; heavy rail operates at high velocities within a separate right-of-way. Bus rapid theodolite ( BRT ) is deriving popularity as a system that grants buses their ain right-of-way so that they do non acquire caught in traffic congestion. BRT operates parallel to the street, such as in the median between travel lanes or in an sole bus-only lane ( see Figure 8.4 ) , and depending on the system, may besides acquire prioritization at traffic signals so that upon attack, the light bends green and the coach will non hold to wait at a ruddy visible radiation. Table 8.3 summarizes the features of each manner. Table 8.4 illustrates what percentages of the theodolite fleets use alternate fuels ( i.e. , fuels other than the conventionally used gasolene ) . The factors that determine what manner and what engineering are best for a given theodolite system include: †  The handiness of a separate right-of-way †  The distance between/frequency of Michigans ( i.e. , will it be regional, express or local service? ) †  The denseness of the environing country ( to find at what speeds the vehicle can safely go ) †  Expected rider volumes †  Size of the metropolis being served A separate right-of-way is non dependent on the bing conditions of the street web and provides great dependability ( since there are no traffice congestion holds ) , high velocity, short trip times, and overall convenience for riders. The potency of mass theodolite to conserve energy is a big, untapped resource. Table 8.5 illustrates how much fuel could be saved by one individual exchanging to mass theodolite for their day-to-day commute to work. The ground for mass transit’s high efficiency is its energy strength, which is a consequence of the burden factor of each vehicle. Table 8.6 provides passenger travel and energy usage informations for 2002, while Figure 8.5 provides the theodolite manner split on a passenger-mile footing ( i.e. , the distribution of travel on each manner per rider per stat mi ) . Mass transit’s efficiency could surely be much higher compared to cars if more riders used it and increased its burden factor ( Greene and Schafer 2003 ) . FIGURE 8.4 BRT exposure. ( From U.S. General Accounting Office ( GAO ) , Mass Transit: Bus Rapid Transit Shows Promise, GAO-01-984, Washington, DC, 2001. )

The Strange Fate of Indias Peacock Throne

The Peacock Throne was a wonder to behold — a gilded platform, canopied in silk and encrusted in precious jewels. Built in the 17th century for the  Mughal emperor Shah Jahan, who also commissioned the Taj Mahal, the throne served as yet another reminder of the extravagance of this mid-century ruler of India. Although the piece only lasted for a short while, its legacy lives on as one of the most ornate and highly sought after pieces of royal property in the regions history. A relic of the Mughal Golden Age, the piece was originally lost and recommissioned before being destroyed forever by rival dynasties and empires. Like Solomon When Shah Jahan ruled the Mughal Empire, it was at the height of its Golden Age, a period of great prosperity and civil accord amongst the Empires people — covering most of India. Recently, the capital had been re-established in Shahjahanabad in the ornately decorated Red Fort, where Jahan held many decadent feasts and religious festivals. However, the young emperor  knew that in order to be, as Solomon had been, the Shadow of God — or the arbiter of Gods will on earth — he needed to have a throne like his. A Jewel-Encrusted Gold Throne Shah Jahan commissioned a jewel-encrusted  gold throne to be built on a pedestal in the courtroom, where he could then be seated above the crowd, closer to God. Among the hundreds of rubies, emeralds, pearls, and other jewels embedded in the Peacock Throne was the famed 186-carat Koh-i-Noor diamond, which was later taken by the British. Shah Jahan, his son Aurangzeb, and later Mughal rulers of India sat on the glorious seat until 1739, when Nader Shah of Persia sacked Delhi and stole the Peacock Throne. Destruction In 1747, Nader Shahs bodyguards assassinated him, and Persia descended into chaos. The Peacock Throne ended up being chopped to pieces for its gold and jewels. Although the original was lost to history, some antiquities experts believe that the legs of the 1836 Qajar Throne, which was also called the Peacock Throne, might have been taken from the Mughal original. The 20th century Pahlavi dynasty in Iran also called their ceremonial seat the Peacock Throne, continuing this pillaged tradition. Several other ornate thrones may have also been inspired by this extravagant  piece, most notably the overexaggerated version King Ludwig II of Bavaria had made some time before 1870 for his Moorish Kiosk in Linderhof Palace.   The Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City is said to also have potentially discovered a marble leg from the pedestal of the original throne. Similarly, the Victoria and Albert Museum in London said to have discovered the same years later.   However, neither of these have been confirmed. Indeed, the glorious Peacock Throne may have been lost to all of history forever — all for the want of power and control of India at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries.