'The problem with the global monetary regime is that there are too Essay

The problem with the global fiscal administration is that there are too many institutions involved in its management. Discuss - Essay vitrineOne main argument against the global fiscal regime is the complexity of managing too many institutions with fourfold interests, issues, rules and hierarchies that have been quite unstable, which are involved in the global monetary regime(Obrien etal,2002,p3). At the same conviction it is argued that in spite of the differences, there are many similarities existing among these institutions involved which help in the finis fashioning process(Karns and Mingst,2004,p27) . In this report, this issue of managing too many institutions involved in global monetary regime is discussed in detail. In section 2, an overview of the global monetary regime is shown with reference to evolution of global monetary regime and the various actors involved in the regime. The argument of the complexity of managing too many institutions involved in the global mo netary regime is discussed with the help of examples in section3. At the same time, the similarities which have facilitated the decision making process are also discussed in section4. .Section 5 concludes the report.Three periods can be distinguished in the evolution of global monetary regime. First is the Bretton Woods Period from 1945 to 1971, upholds is the interdependence period from 1971 to 1989 and the third is the globalization period from 1989 to the present (Hart, 2008,p5). The first period is characterized by fixed exchange rate regime unneurotic with currency convertibility, financing, exchange controls, exchange rate changes and adaptation of national policies to form a new international monetary order. This period saw the emergence of international organizations like IMF and World Bank (Hart, 2008,p8). In the second period, monetary system is characterized by floating exchange rates with central bank interventions, debt crises, petrodollar recycling and so forth In t he third period, global monetary system has been characterized by rising financial flows,

Coca cola Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Coca cola - Essay ExampleThe waste reduction strategies do not take down current works quality level. Initially, the lean merchandiseion strategy was crafted to cater to the proceeds place of one of Japans top selling car models, Toyota. Toyotas lean exertion cropped up after World War II. Japan was just recovering from the war loss. Lean production is a continually innovative process. Daily, the production line and staff personnel as well as production management team continue to find ways to reduce production wastes. Lean production reduces the avertable costs, expenses, and costs associated with typical production processes. The typical production process includes employees accidentally generating avoidable wastes, expenses, and costs to encumber the production process and delaying (reducing) revenue generation.Further, the lean production strategy can cover all the business sector entities activities. The activities may include the design of the product as well as the p roduction process. The activities include the production of the companys saleable or finished products. The activities include the marketing departments product delivery and selling processes (Jones, 2013).Coke implements several lean production strategies. The strategy significantly reduces production expenses. Initially, coke marketed its quality coke products as having the same taste close to the world. To do this, coke used however one water source. The singular source came from only one place. The company exported the coke products to different countries around the world. However, the cost of shipping the coke products increased as the distance between the original home production facilities to the country of destination (Marcotte et al., 2012).Consequently, the higher shipping and production costs of products sold in very farthest away countries generated a lower net profit than coke products sold in places nearer the production facilities. As the distance between

HansonSymphony NO 2Romantic Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

HansonSymphony NO 2Romantic - duty assignment ExampleThe true romantic melody introduced later on by the mellow strings in the theme symbolizes the melody style of the 1930sThe symphony used here consist of an English horn, devil bassoons, piccolo, 2 flutes, 2 clarinets in B-flat, contrabassoon, 2 oboes, 4 horn in F, 3 trombones, 3 yellow trumpet in C, tuba, snare drum, harps, cymbals and strings (Simmons, 2004).The noble, warm and soothing sounds of horns provides the color signature and signify thematic leadership in this symphony and epitomizes the 19th century Romantic sound from Mendelssohn to Tchaikovsky.The onset of the major lawsuit begins by a dark three-note with an ascending motive being heard from the winds forms the introduction to the traditional sonata-form movement. Acceleration of the footstep forms the introductory part of the descending themeHolds the whole piece together and throughout the three movement actions of the composition, it returns severally both as section tutties and solos. In a sense, it functions as sort of a thematic glue that binds the entire piece of music togetherThe horns are launched in the culmination with a vibrant whoop of ballyhoos derived from the slogan theme, and later on expanded into an exhilarating horn-led brass opening at the nitty-gritty of the movement midpoint (Cohen, 2006, p.

Child observation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words - 1

Child an nonation - Essay ExampleTrish said Hello and continued playing with blocks. Nate took some of her blocks from the tray and he also began to score something. Both children did not turn to to each other and were very busy with what they were doing.I think Trish precious to hold on longer to her mother because she is aware that they will be apart for the day. She was trying to confirm her independence when she said No which I believe is a powerful word for toddlers because it shows they can speak up for themselves. As her mother was walking away, I wonder what was running through Trishs head. Is she aquaphobic she will not see her mother anymore? Does she want to go with her mother?When the caregiver took her, it did not take long for Trish to stop crying as she was attracted to the toys on the shelf. I thought toddlers get put off easily and they are fascinated with objects that stimulate their thinking. I think this is because they are in Piagets Pre-Operational pointe dness of Development when they begin playing with toys as symbols for something else. I believe she sees the blocks as tools to give life to her imagination. . I learned from Piaget that especially for very young children, they need concrete materials to help them learn betterI think Trish felt ottomanable with Nate because she did not mind him sitting beside her and taking some pieces of her blocks. Trish is still eruditeness verbal skills and at her age, it is still very limited. I think if she had more verbal skills, she would engage in a conversation with Nate.I felt sorry for Trish when she clung to her mother. I just wanted to pick her up, comfort her and assure her that her mother will be back soon. As a mother myself, I olfaction her mothers pain in leaving her at the centre but also check that she needs to work.Trish was playing by herself at the play stove. The caregiver squatted near her and asked her what she was doing. Trish said

Game Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Game - act ExampleAccording to Gee (2003) games and simulations serves as tools for learning outside and within academia. By using games and simulations, students nookie nurture their project assignments to issues and topics related to their courses. In addition, most learners and trainers are able to comprehend how games and simulations are viewed by different people hence, they will have the ability to attain huge impact of game workout in the real world.Role play and simulations are types of experimental teaching (Russell &Shepherd, 2010). Different roles are simulated by different learners to depict certain personality or character. Second carriage is considered to be the meshing by many. Avatars are allowed to construct structures to represent the real life. The unique feature about second life simulations for realistic role plays is that viewers can listen to prevail concerts or watch a live stage performance. This enables learners to explore different characters repres ented by different roles, hence, creates an all-round and active student learning process. Second life ensures students participate entirely in self and other assessment to achieve a manageable formative

Taxation in Estate Planning Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Taxation in Estate Planning - Assignment ExampleThe shares whitethorn be gifted to some family members in order to benefit from annual valuate exception. It is important to tag that any property owned in a Family limited partnership impact positively on estate tax exemptions. Applicable distribution plosive consonant Under retirement plans, the applicable distribution period is pegged on the age of the retiree or that of the beneficiary and allows for the calculations of benefits accruing to each beneficiary. The internal revenue code provides for troika tables which assist in finding the applicable distribution period. The first table is utilise only by the beneficiaries while the second table is utilise by account holders whose beneficiaries are spouses, who are 10 historic period junior in each, the last table deals with situations where there are no beneficiaries. Life expectancy is used in the calculations of applicable distribution tables. A special use evaluation This is a design used in evaluating all assets in a successors gross estate where specific really property such as those used for farming or business is cherishd. Before benefiting on this design, iodine must demonstrate that 25 per cent of the adjusted value of the departeds gross estate consists of the adjusted value of real estate property used in the business and that 50% of the adjusted value of the deceaseds gross estate consist of real or personal property used in business. A Special Use Valuation has the following benefits it saves couple of hours of research on specific tax planning topics from this area, access to important practice documents such as tables, charts and lists. It saves clock used in accessing relevant sections of tax laws, regulations, court cases, IRS documents and more and offers alternative approaches valuable tax scenarios. Historically, one needed to prove that the decedent had substantially took part in the business for five of the eight years before death. Alternate valuation engagement Alternate valuation dates facilitates the determination of the value of the gross estate. Property distributed, sold exchanged or which is disposed of within 6 months of the death of the decedent shall be valued as at the date of distribution, sale exchange or other disposition. Those not dealt with as above shall be valued 6 months afterwards the death of the decedent. Estate affected by mere lapse of time is included as of the time of death. However adjustments are make for any difference in its value as of the afterwards date and not to mere lapse of time. Special rules provide that deductions shall not be allowed if allowance is tending(p) by the alternate valuation. Any bequest, legacy devise transfer and marital deductions shall be valued as of the date of the death of the decedent. Charitable lead trust A charitable lead trust is think to reduce the amount of taxable income for deceased estate beneficiaries. This is done by donating a portion of the income to charities and after a specified time transferring the remaining trust to the beneficiaries. Taxable termination This is the termination of an interest in property held in a trust. The termination can be by way of death, lapse of time or release of power provided that immediately before the termination non-skip person has no interest in such property and that at no time after such termination, a distribution is made to a skip person including distribution on such trust. Certain partial terminations may

Explain the myth of the Golden Carp and explore its significance in Essay

Explain the fiction of the Golden Carp and explore its significance in Antonio spiritual coming of age in Anayas ordain Me, Ultima - Essay ExampleAntonio feels difficulty to lead a life in between the conflicts of his fathers and mother families, namely, the Marez and the Juans. These conflicts, along with his mother persuasion to make him a Catholic priest and his fathers wish to join him with the Marez, wild and untamed vaqueros, also poses several questions in Antonios mind and seeks answers to each these questions with the help of Ultima, the Curanderathe traditional folk healer. An overview of the novel clearly brings out the role of myth which predominates from the beginning to the end. The social function of the study is to unveil the significance of the myth of well-disposed carp on Antonio and explore its significance in Antonios spiritual coming of age.Among the different myths used in the novel, one can see that the myth of the meretricious carp plays a decisive role in determining or guiding the story. The myth of the fortunate carp is certainly the most significant myth used in the novel, particularly because it helps to elucidate Antonios increasing anxiety and eventual acceptance of the differing religious beliefs that he encounters (Bless Me, Ultima Study Guide). The role of the minor myths on the novel also is not negligible as they help the readers to have glimpse of Mexican American culture. When tracing the origin of the myths, it leads us to Aztec Mythology of Mexican-American culture which supported polytheism. Antonio had to meet many different kinds of myth any through the novel and each had a dominant influence in his character formation. The myth of the golden carp brings new perspectives to Antonio when he identifies it as different from Catholicism. The myth of golden carp was takes substance from the Aztec fable according to which, there were four ages of the world or suns before the present world, each of which was destroye d by an individual

Psychology of Teenage Pregnancy and Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Essay

psychological science of Teenage Pregnancy and Fetal Alcohol Syndrome - Essay Example(Jessor 2004, p. 45) The reasons for adolescent gestation period and fetal alcoholic beverage syndrome are mostly psychological and social, and it is understandable, that the influence and effects of teenage pregnancy may become fearsome for young filles, if not appropriately treated.In connection with this, Shonfeld and Mattson (2005) write, that the socialization deficits and views on stealing and obeying the law may serve as early indicators of later maladaptive behaviour. In terms of the overall moral adulthood score, it is possible that this global measure is not sensitive enough in detecting delinquency in youth with prenatal alcohol exposure. (Schonfeld & Mattson 2005, p. 24) What is meant here is that leaving school causes the lack of communication and socialization, which in its go leads to the alcohol intake of a pregnant girl, which is destructive for her future child.The problemati c issue is whether the young girl will be able to go successfully through her pregnancy, as well as the proper bringing out and caring for the child. It is a well-known fact, that pregnancy is always a period of hyperbolise emotions for the future mother, even if her conditions are optimal, which cannot be said about most pregnant adolescents. The time of pregnancy is the period of absolute animal(prenominal) and psychological changes, and these changes are even more vivid with the young teenage girls. Schonfeld and Mattson also write in their article As a developmental phase, adolescence is positioned between childhood and adulthood. Conventional hypothesis holds that adolescence is a time during which teenagers assert their sense of identity, rebelling from the control and authority of their parents. Thus, it is not unusual to encounter a high degree of emotional turmoil in the adolescent. When a teenager becomes pregnant, however, the continuity of both the physical and the ps ychological growth is abruptly interrupted. (Schonfeld & Mattson 2005, p. 24)This is also one of the main causes for the pregnant girl drinking as well much alcohol, which finally leads to the FAS and thus to the most negative consequences for the child.The psychological consequences of the adolescent pregnancy are diverse and vary in the wide range. Pregnancy is altering the conscience of the young girl, and thus she becomes preoccupied with diametric dreams and fantasies in relation to her future infant. But all these fantasies towards an adolescent are always much exaggerated, oddly when the pregnancy was not planned (which is the most common situation). The emotional confusion that surfaces in the pregnant adult female may also cause her to blur the boundaries between self and other. (Blos, 1980) With the child developing in the girls body, their identities often black market to merge, which happens on psychological and also on the physical level. But this sense of merging will

SWOT Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

SWOT Analysis - Essay ExampleIt advances cheat in the American culture through the hosting of the United States Championships.The performance of children and their character are improving. This is considered as strength. consort to the mission states of the association, it aims at strengthening the character and the mind of the young scholars. This result is a clear sign that the foundation is realizing its mission statement. This strength is distinctive as the change can be felt in the entire nation. Strengthening the mind of children improves their academic performance. Also, the children affected will regard others and this guarantees the future of a nation. This shows that the nerve is beneficial to the nation (Allison et al., 2005).Since the organization is a nonprofit organization which is still achieving its goals, then its volunteers feel move. With motivated volunteers, there is the assurance of quality delivery from them. This will also attract more volunteers who will motivation to work for the organization. With a large number of volunteers, it means that the organization is saving quite an amount of bullion that could be utilized to meet its goals. Thus the organization will continue being a success, as good work force is vital for success (Allison et al., 2005).The nonprofit organization faces deficit of funds to draw out its expenses. It cannot match the salaries of its for-profit competitors. The staff therefore, may not be motivated by the amount of money they derive and the founders, by the profits that they make. This lowers their compensation and diverts their focus on the satisfaction they get from their work. Since the foundation is realizing its goals and making an impact in the entire nation, this should motivate the founders and the staff. The organizations stakeholders should try to involve donors who provide funds and contract in activities that can raise funds for

What is America Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

What is America - Assignment ExampleThe truth is, America takes plume of being the worlds cultural melting pot whose society is composed of immigrants from all all over the world who dreamt of better life. The social upheavals it undergone from the Civil War to Martin Luther King are part of Americas proud past that it struggled to end tyranny and discrimination. America became what it is today because of these circumstances. It became the richest country in the world and the some technologically advance because of the varying perspectives its citizen contributed.It is also inaccurate to generalize that America is a cultural waste material as how Badurillard portrayed America in his book. The truth is farthest from his observation because many of the most blanket(a) museums in the world are found in America such as the Smithsonian Institute, MOMA etch. I deal that Badurillards assessment of America does not reflect the historical and cultural truths about the country. Furthermo re, it can be argued that the history and culture of America as a nation presents its peopl with the opportunity to act and behave in a manner that Badurillard finds despicable. Thus, I believe that the circumstances and position that America finds itself in is as a result of the amalgamation of historical and cultural events that the country has undergone since

The topic is life cycle impact assessment and the area of the topic is Case Study

The motion is life one shot electric shock assessment and the area of the topic is environmental impact assessment - case Study ExampleThis case occur at all stages of a life cycle of a product. From the time a material is extracted from the source through to the processing, manufacturing, transportation, and finally recycling or disposal stage. This effect may be direct, involving emissions such as those produced by automobiles usage, or indirect involving impact of water slipway from electricity production used during the manufacturing. One of the methodologies commonly used is life cycle assessment (LCA), which both involves direct and indict effect of processes and products. LCA has been confirmed to be useful in making consistent and mark environmental assessments. This concept has been broadened by the Society of environmental Toxicology and Chemistry to include the environmental impact and receipts phases, and the inventory. Studies have demonstrated the use Life Cycl e impact Assessment (LCA) methods to analyse potential impact of various process on the environment.Lithium (Li-ion) batteries, often used in hybrid and electric vehicles to causation plug-in have shown some promise of fuelling these hybrid and electric vehicles and help curb emitting of greenhouse gas. However, there are some few notable areas in these Li-ion batteries that need to be improved in order to reduce possible public health and environmental impact. This is according to the cradle to grave study, which was conducted by the Abt Associates for the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The study, which was conducted through a partnership involving the U.S. Department of Energy, EPA, academicians, and Li-ion battery industry, was the first LCA (Life circle assessment) to need and use data given by Li-ion battery manufacturers, recyclers and suppliers. The main purpose was identifying materials and processes within the life cycle of Lion battery that could l argely contribute impacts on environmental

Marketing Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

merchandising cast - Essay ExampleThis essay is aimed at discussing the various aspects of and issues relate to market conception. In this context, first the federal agency and nature of a market visualise is discussed. Next, the structure of a standard market plan is explained. later that, there argon the sections in which elements of marketing plan ar elaborated sequentially. The links between marketing plan elements are discussed in the following section. In the section of assumptions, there is a discussion related to the common misconceptions regarding the marketing plan as a whole. Reputable journal, text, and Internet based sources have been employ throughout the paper. Role and Nature of merchandising Plan What is a merchandising Plan? A marketing plan is used in backend and management operations. It is aimed at the potential consumers and also the public at large. The plump plan is kept like a guiding document for personnel involved in advertising, sales, and mar keting. Marketing plans contain the results obtained by research, which help in identifying tactics and strategies for communicating with the consumers. Hence, it must have an ethical simply convincing orientation. (Solomon et al, 2012 Kang et al, 2002) What is the relationship between a Marketing Plan and a Business Plan? Marketing and business plans have a significant number of elements and subsections in common. In drafting the overall strategic plan, both marketing and business plans may lead to common or overlapping implications. Business plans hide market analyses and marketing research in the context of the whole business including the fiscal affairs. Nevertheless, there are certain differences between a marketing plan and a business plan. Differences between a Marketing Plan and a Business Plan Marketing Plan Business Plan The plan is mean for the potential customers and general public. It is implemented by the personnel involved in sales, advertising, distribution and promotion. (Solomon et al, 2012) Potential investors are shown a business plan as a first step to help them decide whether or not to invest. According to Mason and Stark (2004, p. 227), Bankers stress the financial aspects of the proposal and give little strain to market, entrepreneur or other issues. Marketing plan has a customer or consumer oriented persuasive approach (Cravens et al, 2009) Business plan has a financier or investor oriented persuasive approach (Chen et al, 2009) The planner must concentrate more on preparing milestone charts, sales forecasts, marketing research, and so forthtera (Wood, 2011) The planner must refer to the marketing plan but adequately cover the financial information and other detail related to the organization. It must be used along with the business plan to draft the strategic plan Business planning is precondition to strategic planning Helps in the processes like product line addition development (Kang et al, 2002, p. 203) Helps in a variety o f processes such as management accounting, cash flows, preparing financial statements, etc. Table 1 Marketing Plan versus Business Plan What are Marketing Plans used for? The marketing plan includes various kinds of analyses to determine marketing strategies like pricing, distribution, and perks that are to be rewarded to the salespeople and retailers who generate better sales for the company. Further, strategic incentives are provided on the basis of market plans. These incentives include different types of offerings, special packages, free gifts, etc. to retain the existing clients and/or attract new clients particularly for service-oriented businesses. In sum, a marketing plan is drafted for achieving sales & distribution targets, winning customers, achieving competitive advantage,

Inroduction to property law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Inroduction to property law - Essay physical exerciselegal right to the property could have been rightfully formal, however in the absence of this legal claim, his rights must(prenominal) be examineed through copyrighted estoppel.The commonly accepted definition of proprietary estoppel is as provided by Oliver J in the suit of clothes of Taylors Fashions Ltd v Liverpool Victoria Trustees Co Ltd2 is that proprietary estoppel may be established in this cases where it would be unconscionable for a party to be permitted to deny that, which, knowingly or unknowingly, he has totallyowed or encouraged another to assume to his detriment.Therefore, in applying this to the case of Derek, it may be possible to establish that it would be unconscionable for Pam as the legal title holder, to now sell the house and ask Derek to light upon into an old peoples home to his detriment, when the house was supposed to be a home for all of them, and Derek has been making mortgage payments all the w hile on the basis of this assumption. More over, at the time of purchase of the house, the of import objective was not only to provide a home for them but also to enable Derek to be able to take in lodgers so that he could be provided with an income in his old age, which is also the lawsuit why Derek has assumed the primary financial burden in making mortgage payments on the house. Hence, it would be unconscionable to now expect him to vacate the house and move into an old age home.The objective of proprietary estoppel is to establish interest and proprietary interest in providing a remedy in the event of a property transfer where legal formalities fall just short of what is required3. Proprietary estoppel was invoked in the case of Yaxley and Gotts v Another4 in providing just such a remedy. The issue in this case was the dispute over whether an oral contract did indeed exist between the parties and whether this could provide justification for the issue of a remedy. However, as p ointed out by Justice Robert Walker in his judgment, proprietary estoppel was

Methods and tactics used to reduce gender and racial disparities in Essay

Methods and tactics employ to reduce gender and racial disparities in prisons.-CRJ - Essay ExampleLately the query about racial and gender disparities in prisons arises more occasionally and intensively, calling to implement specific instruments and tactics to diminish that phenomenon. repayable to the statistic results African Americans and Hispanic lawbreakers are more likely to be convicted of felony than white people (Hartney & Vuong, 2009). Also in most cases the sentences of black people are longer. Disparity of arrest rates among racial groups strikes and scares drastically. Moreover, close penalty among colored prisoners is spread oftener than among white delinquents. In addition, there is a significant disproportion between male and female rates of criminality. All mentioned facts indicate the inequality in judicial system concerning offenders of antithetic races and genders. According to stated problem several solutions that are aimed to reduce disparity can be recomme nded.

Methods to Stop Different Cyber Crimes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Methods to Stop Different Cyber Crimes - Essay Example meshing pulmonary tuberculosisrs should chose passwords with that consist of at least five characters. These passwords are not easily guessed by the criminals. Passwords that are made based on names, nicknames, telephone numbers, and other obvious words should be avoided. Passwords should consist of both uppercase and lowercase character. However, such passwords may be difficult to remember. Internet users should aim at creating the most unique passwords that do no appear in dictionary entries (Standler, 2004).Internet users are required to activate their spam blocker whenever they use the Internet. Spam blockers enable individuals to block messages that are not needed from getting into the inbox. In addition, a spam blocker ensures that phishing emails that may be used to defraud Internet users are prevented from getting into the inbox. Most Internet providers have spam blocking features (Ehow, 2012).Antivirus package such a s McAfee, Norton, Kasperskey and Avast should be installed on computers. The installation of an antivirus only when is not an adequate measure in preventing viruses from infecting the computer the anti virus must be updated on a regular basis. Malware, spyware and viruses can only be eliminated from the computer if the antivirus is allowed to scan the whole computer frame (Ehow, 2012).Further, Internet users can stop cyber crime by using their computers firewall protection feature. Firewall is a digitally created barrier that enables Internet users to prevent cyber criminals from accessing their computer systems. The Firewall should always be turned on in order to prevent the illegal activities of cyber criminals (Ehow, 2012).Also, cyber crimes can be prevented if Internet users constantly encrypt useful breeding as they send it to intended recipients. This can be done through the use of encryption software which ensures that personal and confidential information

Russian Mafia. Russian organised crime. Is the Russian Mafia is dead Essay

Russian Mafia. Russian organised crime. Is the Russian Mafia is dead or non - Essay ExampleThe Russian Mafia can be linked with the imperial period of Russia, which started in the 1700s. Most of the Russian populations at that time were very poor people. During that time, the criminals who stole from the government resources and shared the clams with the poor were regarded as heroes and were seen as protectors of the community (Gleason, 2009). The term Russia Mafia is a phrase used by most people to refer to a collection of various criminals that are unionized and are set forth in the previous Soviet Union. Most of these groups share a similar organization structure and goals that get wind them as part of the association. They have also been given names wish Bratva, Organizatsiya, or the Red Mafia. In the world of today, more than 6,000 different groups that are existing, and more than 200 of these groups are operating globally (Niklaus, 2014).For an organized crime syndicate th at is billetful, there was the integration of two USSR characteristic. There was present of a bureaucratic power that was excessive and an illegal market that was present. The bureaucratic excessive power encouraged organized crime by availing an environment for bribery, corruption, extortion and shakedown. According to the Soviet Ministry of Interior All- Union Research Institution in 1991 (Ruth, n.d), bribes were part of the wage of almost half the population of the entire government employees. However, the existence of a market that was illegal was the al-Qaida of the presence of the Mafia in the Soviet Union. Most people know that a market that is illegal, like alcohol during the period of prohibition or elicit organized crime of drugs today, yet this connection was distinctive in the Soviet Union. In the Soviet Union, any business form that was not approved by the government was associated with a market that was illegal. This strengthened the criminal growth in the USSR. Al so, the government was not fitted to provide the basic products to the citizens hence making a

Tutorial Linguistic Essay Example for Free

Tutorial Linguistic EssayI. Linguistics abbreviationLinguistic Pitfalls aims at settling some problems of sentence center by identifying what problems there is. Meaning-Incompleteness() lack of destination point (parameter), and the sentence meaning becomes incomplete. Ambiguity() more than one meaning in an expression, and the context cannot show which meaning it refers to. Vagueness() some relative terms does not have a clear-cut boundary, and the expression becomes trivial. Reification() an abstract do is used as concrete name, and it may arouses confusion. Colored Expression() a situation is described by affectional terms without reason or explanations Idiosyncratic Sense() use an abnormal meaning without explanation or contractWhether it commits linguistic pitfalls, we have to identify if it offenses the PRINCIPLE and harms out thinking. II. ExercisesIdentify which pitfalls they commit with justifications.1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. (80)9. 10. 11. 12. 13.

Element Definition ACT in the Play Essay Example for Free

Element comment ACT in the Play EssayResolutionBackground information is presented, main characters ar introduced, and the contrast is established The conflicts and challenges encountered by the characters. How they respond keeps the write up moving forward. The turning point in the conflict. Tension builds until the main character must make a decision or take action that determines the direction of the story. The events that carry on after the main character makes the key decision in the story The resolution is where all the questions are answered and loose ends are tied, providing a clear ending locomote 1. Macbeths encounter with the weird sisters. function 2. The mar of index DuncanAct 3. The appearance of Banquos ghost at Macbeths coronation celebration. Act 4. Macbeth loses control.Act 5. Macbeth gets killedPlot AnalysisAs you read the scenes in this lesson, take notes on important events in the story. Provide the line or lines from the play that relate to the event. St op and take for a moment about why that event is important for the story and add your thoughts in the space provided. Event Text confirm Why is it important to the story?The murder of King DuncanThe appearance of Banquos ghost1. Unless the deed go with it from this moment the very firstlings of my heart shall be the firstlings of my hand. I have suppd full with horrors direness, familiar to my slaughtrous thoughts, cannot once drive me.This event is important to the story because this is the turning point for Macbeths behavior. He was once regretful of the murder and it took him awhile to recover from his emotion but once he started being told he was invincible he conscious left and he became ruthless This event is important to the story because this is when everyone close to Macbeth realizes that hes paranoid and having problems dealing with the bad things he caused. ReflectionChoose one of the events you added to your graphic organizer and think about why it is an important pi ece of the plot. Focus on the purpose it serves in the story. Consider how the story would change if that event was altered. Form your ideas into a reflection paragraph of at least five sentences. perk up sure to include supporting evidence from the play in your reflection.I think the murder of King Duncan is an important piece of the plot because that is the event that changed Macbeths life for the better and the worse. Macbeths wife connected suicide because she couldnt deal with the malice she caused. After Duncans murder, Macbeth became king and started becoming cold-hearted, killing masses that was close to him before he became king and not thinking twice and the malice decisions. If King Duncan wasnt murdered, Macbeth would still be the innocent kind man that he once was and his wife would still be alive.

Global disaster management Essay Example for Free

Global disaster management assayDisaster management became global financial resources together with the establishment of several associate and group organizations sprang up. dope media took up the root with each major and minor disaster reported univers exclusivelyy. Disaster tradition were organise and disseminated by the mass media. Until this global agenda was affirmed, environmental issues were still in their infancy and the fall of search or consulting organizations focused on disasters was exceptionally small.The concern of disaster research units (mainly university-affiliated) and disaster management units in public administrations only became noticeable in the second half of the century in the late fifties. By the start of new millennium, the number of disaster-related organizations had grown exponentially. The U. S. government alone has no fewer than twenty-six major agencies as well as dozens of regional offices dealing with disasters. There are a win ninety-fiv e specialized units established for contradictory disaster situations.To this can be added eighty U. S. domestic non-govermental organizations (NGOs). This number can be used as a rough suggestion of the same process occurring all done the Western world. The sharing of disaster-related global-based agencies likewise grew, comprising over ninety major public agencies with offices all through the world. This guide of the globalization of disaster management also supported the hold of public administration on the area of disasters.It has also led to interagency divergences and problems of management, as well as protective imperatives, turf wars, and competition (International ten for Natural Disaster Reduction, 1996). What was evident at the national or state level-at which public administrations subjugated the rendering of disaster, who was capable to be a disaster victim, what help would be afforded, and so on-was now extensive at the global level by other forms of public administ ration in diverse guises.As or so critical reports have noted, the results have been at the similar mediocre levels of disaster management (on a larger scale), where in several cases such assistance was more unfavourable than supportive. The most observable of these have been associate with the droughts in Africa, where NGOs and international aid have in fact harmed more people than they have helped.

The Ship that Never Reaches Shore Essay Example for Free

The enrapture that Never Reaches Shore EssayShips at a distance fox every mans wish on board. For some they come in with the tide. For others they sail forever on the horizon, neer protrude of sight, never landing until the Watcher turns his eyes away in resignation, his romances mocked to death by Time (Hurston). men long for things they do not have. Some men get what they long for. Other men never get what they long for. What they dream of having is clear to them, but never come-at-able. They know that their dreams are unattainable, but equable watch the ships that never reach the shore. In F.Scott Fitzgeralds novel, The Great Gatsby, the Ameri foot Dream is unattainable due to Gatsbys overlook of morality. Additionally, in John Steinbecks novel, Of Mice and Men, the American Dream is unattainable due to Lennie and Georges escape of faith. Furthermore, in the movi, A Raisin in the Sun, the American Dream is unattainable due to the families insufficiency of financi al security. Lastly, in Arthur Millers play, last of a Salesman, the American Dream is unattainable due to Willys leave out of follow through. Overall, these American literature authors show their readers that the American Dream is not attainable to all people.In the first place, in Fitzgeralds novel, The Great Gatsby, the American Dream is unattainable due to Gatsbys lack of morality. Gatsby bring home the bacons his wealth through criminal activity, which he does to gain wealth for Daisy. Additionally, Gatsby tried to steal Toms wife, Daisy, away from him. Not only did Gatsby fail to get the woman of his dreams, but Tom blamed the cleanup of Wilsons wife on Gatsby, which resulted in Gatsbys death. Lastly, he is prepared to take the blame for Daisy drive the car and killing Myrtle. Of course Ill say I was driving (Fitzgerald 143), he says.This can be seen as a heroic action, but he shows his dishonestly in a legal situation. The go to bed and protection he had over Daisy cost him his life, and the end to pursuing his American Dream. At the end, his dedication to the consummation of wealth which he pursued throughout his life failed because he denied his true roots and his true self. In addition, in Steinbecks novel, Of Mice and Men, the American Dream is not attainable due to Lennie and Georges lack of faith. The bed covering is in full of men who had abandoned their dreams, and worn out(p) their pay on temporary pleasure.For example, George blows all the notes they had been saving for their ranch to stay all night in cat houses. He mixed-up faith in his dreams compensate when things slowly started to take a downfall, and as the other men, he turned to temporary pleasure. In addition, Lennie had lost faith in himself when he says, Now I wont get to tend the rabbits (Steinbeck 85). Lennie public opinion George was personnel casualty to be disappointed in him after he found out that he had killed Curleys wife and the pup. Lennie made a run for it because he lost control, and was disappointed in himself, and was afraid of Georges reaction.Lastly, George had his doubts about getting his own ranch he k sensitive from the beginning he was not going to achieve it because of Lennies illness, and that he had always known in the back of his head that Curleys wife was going to cause trouble with Lennie, and mess things up. Furthermore, in the movie, A Raisin in the Sun, the American Dream is not attainable due to the familys lack of financial security. Walter received the money he wanted for his liquor business organization from his mother he then gave the money to his business partners to help him get his liquor license and without realizing it, and they had betrayed him.His dream was then deferred. In addition, Ruths dream was unattainable because she wanted to be wealthy and have a fine family. When Walter lost the money, she also lost her dream. Lastly, Beneathas dream of becoming a remedy was crushed when she found out Walter did not put any money in the bank for her medical checkup school. All the talk about dreams and sunlight that goes on in this house, its all dead now (Raisin), Beneatha verbalize when she gave up hope in her dream of becoming a doctor. Lastly, in Millers play, Death of a Salesman, the American Dream is not attainable due to Willys lack of follow through.You cant raise a carrot in the backyard (Miller 17), says Willy. His spacious dream house becomes surrounded with new apartments being built around it. The hope of his dream house fades away and the hopes it once stood for. In addition, Willy spent his whole life trying to convince himself and the people around him that he was popular and successful, but when he had died, he didnt not achieve his illusions because no one showed up to his funeral. Lastly, Willy hopes for a family who has the ability to generate wealth. He then takes his own life because he believes that his family will be financially secure if he was dead.He hopes for twenty thousand dollars from the insurance policy, but his son Biff does not receive the money because suicide was not covered in the policy. Willys lack of follow through had a coarse impact on his dreams. In conclusion, these American literature authors show their readers that the American Dream is not attainable to all people. In F. Scott Fitzgeralds novel, The Great Gatsby, the American Dream is unattainable due to Gatsbys lack of morality. Additionally, in John Steinbecks novel, Of Mice and Men, the American Dream is unattainable due to Lennie and Georges lack of faith.Furthermore, the movie, A Raisin in the Sun, the American Dream is unattainable due to the familys lack of financial security. Lastly, in Arthur Millers play, Death of a Salesman, the American Dream is unattainable due to Willys lack of follow through. ships company is the blame for people who strive for dreams that are unattainable. From the times we were children, society told us that we can do anything if we trammel our minds to it but, it is unrealistic and it results to disappointments in those who were told to dream.Works Cited A Raisin in the Sun. Dir. Kenny Leon. Perf. Sean Combs, Sanaa Lathan, Audra McDonald, Phylicia Rashad. Sony Pictures, 2008. DVD. Fitzgerald, F. Scott. The Great Gatsby. New York Scribner, 1925. Print. Hurston, Zora. Their Eyes Were Watching God. Trans. ArrayPublishers in 2006. 10 East 53rd Street, New York, Print. Miller, Arthur. Death of a Salesman. Lit Charts. N. p.. Web. 4 Jun 2013. Steinbeck, John. Of Mice and Men. New York Penguin Group, 1937.

Monopoly versus perfect markets Essay Example for Free

Monopoly versus perfect markets EssayThis paper investigates the two extremes of market structures. A monopoly strong, and a firm which operates in a perfectly hawkish market. We leave alone compargon features, similarities, differences, advantages and disadvantages. The monopoly firm I wealthy person chosen is Thames Water. This comp each is an accurate example, as its the sole supplier of the industry. The firm, is the industry. Thames Water supply wet finished peoples taps in and around London. Fyffe is my chosen firm in a perfectly matched market. I look this is a good example. It dispenses bananas to supermarkets and food suppliers, who resell on to guests.The next two paragraphs inform the features of perfect aspiration, then a monopoly. The theory of perfect opposition illustrates an extreme form of keenism. (Sloman, 2007113) There ar many suppliers, who alone only supply and nominate a small fraction of the total offput, of the full-length industry. None of the firms have any male monarch over the market. (Mankiw, 2001) Barriers to main course do not exist. Therefore firms female genitalia raise and leave the market freely. Apart from the money and time it takes to set up the business, there atomic number 18 no other obstacles.Both producers and consumers have perfect knowledge of the market. Therefore they both know cost which should be paid, note which should be met, availability of the product. Market opportunities for expansion, and entry opportunities in the industry as a whole. The toll Fyffe must charge for their bananas departing depend upon the contend and supply of the whole market, not just Fyffe ad hominem demand. Hence they have no power over prices. They must fol little the market forces. (Sloman, 2007)Established firms in the banana industry have no advantage over firms who have newly entered the market.(Parkin, Powell, Matthews)This means they nominate sell all the products they can produce at the market price, scarce none at a price which is superiorer. (Sloman, 2007114) If Fyffe raise their selling price above p1, their demand get out drop to 0, because if Fyffe raise the price of their bananas, consumers lead just buy from another firm selling at the current market price. Illustrated in plat 2. (Beardshaw, 2001) All firms operating in the banana industry sell a homogenous product, all the firms in the industry sell an identical banana. The theory states there is not a great need for advertisement or branding.(McConnell, 2008) I would agree with this statement in the context of bananas. Advertising is not needed as people leave alone not look for a specific brand of banana. They all taste the same. only I think a firm in a market selling shampoos and conditioners would need a certain count of branding and advertising so people make their product and gain customer loyalty. In the shampoo industry products ar not as homogenous. A pure monopoly owns 100% of the indu stry. Thames piddle have a great deal of power, and atomic number 18 price makers, thus they set the price to how frequently they want to charge.If the consumer cannot, or doesnt want to pay the price, they have to go without the tap body of urine. In the brusque run both perfect competition and monopolies can make economic amplification, terminationes and supernormal winnings. all monopolies can cut to sustain super normal derives in the pine run. Persistant economic profits argon called monopoly profits. (Dobson, 200599) Monopolies can sustain supernormal profits and remain safe and unaffected by competition due to barriers to entry. Supply to the industry does not increase with new entrants. (Hunt, 1990). There are many types of barriers to entry.Thames water is known as a natural monopoly, meaning there are barriers to entry due to large(p) economies of scale. (Sloman, 2007) Capital equipment is so expensive and large scale that only one sole supplier could mana ge to make a profit in the water industry. However Thames Water incurred low peripheral be once they are set up. If second-rate cost falls as output increases over the inviolate range of market demand its a natural monopoly. (Dobson, 2006100) Each would have a very high average cost at a low output. (Begg, 2005134) Correspondingly Thames Water gain barriers to entry through let down be.This is an artificial barrier. The firm is experienced in their field. Has good knowledge of their market, and exit be qualified to gain the best rates of interest on finance, the best suppliers at the lowest be, and lean methods of production. former(a) firms would struggle to compete. If a firm decided to set up and compete with Thames Water, and failed by going out of business there would be massive sunk costs. This occurs when high amounts are spent on capital expenditure, which cannot be used on another business venture. (Sloman, 2007) This is an example of kick the bucket costs.It w ould be a huge loss to the firm, and would discourage firms from entering the market. Thames water also have patents copywrite and licensing. The next two paragraphs explain the resultant role on demand for perfect competition, then a monopoly. For Fyffe the price charged for the bananas is equal to marginal receipts. medium revenue and demand are also equal to price. If average cost dips below average revenue the firm allow earn supernormal profits. If demand is above where marginal costs and marginal revenue meet the firms will be making normal profit. See plot 2.Normal profits parcel out opportunity costs of the owners money and time. If Fyffe set output below equilibrium marginal cost would make pass marginal revenue and profit would be dismayed. If Fyffe raised output above equilibrium marginal costs would exceed marginal revenue and profits would also be lowered. See graph 1. (Dobson, 200599) The demand wander is elastic for the banana industry, but not perfectly ela stic. Hence why it slopes downwards in plat 1. If there is a rise in price for bananas, consumers will spend less on the product, and Fyffe will entail a fall in revenue.In contrast if the price of bananas drop, consumers will buy to a greater extent of the product, and providing the firm is covering their costs they will receive an increase in revenue, because bananas can be comparatively easily substituted by another cheaper fruit. Furthermore bananas will sell for a cheaper price when they are in season, due to a larger supply to the market in this period. Fyffe is perfectly elastic which is why their demand switch off is horizontal. See graph 2. The firms prices are not affected by their output and their decisions do not affect the industry.(Ison, 2007) Firms must produce at equilibrium to maximise profits, which is where the market supply, meets the market demand, as illustrated in diagram 1. Short run assumes the number of firms in the industry does not increase, as there is not enough time. (Sloman 2007114) When a firm produces quantity and price, where marginal costs, and average costs meet they are jailbreak even. See diagram 2. (Begg, 2005) Consumers are charged a price which is equal to what it costs the firm to produce the extra unit. See diagram 2.If the demand curve for bananas increases short term, the demand curve will arouse to the dependable. See diagram 3. This results in a high equilibrium and a higher selling price. As selling price has increased farmers will raise their output by increasing their variable costs such as labour and materials. This will result in a larger profit and profits are maximised. As illustrated in diagram 4. In contrast if the demand for bananas was to decrease, this would cause a swag to the left in the demand curve. See diagram 5. This results in a lower equilibrium for the industry, and a fall in the selling price.Consequently all firms in the industry including Fyffe would press output, by diminish var iable factors and the firm would suffer economic losses. As illustrated in diagram 6. (Dobson, 2005) If Fyffe or Thames Water are not covering their average total costs in the short run, they should carry on trading, but if they are not covering their short run average variable costs, it would be cheaper to temporarily obstruct down. The theory is known as the short run supply decision. (Ison, 2007) In the long run any firm should close down if it is not covering its total average costs as it is loss making.Called the long run supply decision. (Begg, 2003) When demand increases and selling prices rise in the long term, existing firms are making supernormal profits. Several new firms will enter the market. The supply curve will shift to the right, and supply will increase, which will lower market price. As more new industries join firms reduce their output until they are making a normal profit again. Output of the whole industry will be larger now that more firms are in the market, and there is no incentive for firms to enter, or leave the market as breakeven profits are cosmos made.Referred to as the entry or exit price. When there is a decrease in demand, prices will fall, and firms will reduce output to minimise losses. finally due to losses some firms will leave the market which lessens supply and the supply curve will shift to the left. This raises prices due to restricted output, and farmers will start to make normal profits again. So there are less firms and less output in the industry. (Dobson, 2005) In the long run there are no fixed costs in any industry, as firms can change their plant surface or machinery. Resulting in a long run supply curve which is flatter than the short run.(Begg, 2003) If all firms operating in the industry restricted supply together increasing demand and prices, new firms would enter the market which would increase supply and lower prices. (Begg, 2005) Thames water are price inelastic, and have a low income elasticity of d emand, because there are no close substitutes for their product, and water is a essential item. However they are not perfectly inelastic, as a rise in price will still amount to a small drop in quantity demanded. This means Thames waters revenue will increase with a rise in price, and decrease with a fall in price.A profit maximising level of output is where marginal revenue is equal to marginal cost but cost increase up to the demand curve to obtain price. See diagram 9 (Sloman, 2007) The demand curve in diagram 9 take ons the value of Thames water to customers, and the marginal curve shows the costs Thames water must pay. The marginal revenue curve must lie below the downward sloping demand curve as marginal revenue is less than price. The further the distance between the demand curve on the right hand side and the marginal revenue on the left the more inelastic the demand, see diagram 9.(Dobson, 2005) ) A firm cannot produce to the right of marginal revenue as this part of the diagram is inelastic. In order for the monopolist to sell a larger amount, the price must be lowered on all previous units, so to prevent this the monopolist may restrict output to keep a larger revenue. Creating scarcity and raising the equilibrium price. (Begg, 2005) The excess of price over marginal costs shows the monopolies power (Dobson, 2005102) The power to raise prices by selling a smaller amount of output. Diagrams 8, 9, and 10 show long run economic profits, normal profits and losses.Thames water will then check weather the profit maximising level of output covers their total costs in the long run and variable costs in the short run. (Begg, 2003) Thames water is not a contestable market due to the fact its a natural monopoly, and has very high barriers to entry. This means they can charge high prices and make supernormal profits, without the threat of competition and new entrants. (Sloman, 2007) Thames water may want to behave ethically when mise en scene prices. If they choose besides high a price which people cannot afford this could lead to poverty, but if they charge too low a price this could lead to a wastage of water.Monopolies often use price discrimination when setting prices. Although Thames water do not. Perfect competition cannot use this method. Particular consumers are charged a higher price for an identical service so the monopoly can earn higher profits. (Ison, 2007) Revenue is not preoccupied from previously sold units when price is reduced. More output can be sold ands firms can picture some of their consumer surpluses. See diagram 12. Surpluses are the difference between actual price paid and what consumers will have been willing to pay. So the business is treating the demand curve as the marginal revenue curve (Ison, 2007138) Only works when consumers cannot buy the product for a cheaper price and sell on to others. (Begg, 2005) A firm operating in perfect competition will achieve allocative efficiency. This exists when price is equal to marginal costs. high society is break-dance off when resources are allocated to maximise the total surplus in the market. (Dobson, 200591) Productive efficiency will also be achieved, meaning Fyffe will produce and sell their output for the lowest price they can in the long run giving consumers the best possible value for money.Price equals minimum average total cost. (Dobson, 200592) This is good for consumers and society as consumers get the best possible value for money. (Sloman, 2007) Perfectly warlike markets are critised for having a lack of variety, unable to fully satisfy consumers wants and needs. Furthermore the long term entry and exit of firms can be a waste of certain resources such as empty buildings. This is called free-enterprise(a) forces in action. (Dobson, 2005) Monopolys are in a position to give us a lower price if they decide to, due to economies of scale.The marginal cost curve is lower than the supply curve in their graph which means the f irm can supply more output at a lower production cost. Supernormal profits can fund research and development which will improve the quality of the product. Therefore the monopoly can innovate and introduce new products. (Ison, 2007) However some firms may not do this as they do not need to fight to stay in the industry, with no competition around. (Mankiw, 2001) Joseph Schumpeter express in theory monopolies have more ability and incentive to innovate which can make them better for society.If you imagine a whole industry was taken over by a monopolist, they could eliminate competition and charge very high prices, by reducing output level to which raises price. Supernormal profits represent a redistribution of income from consumer to producer which can be critised on equity grounds (Ison, 2007137) Monopoly firms have been known to train in dirty tricks to protect themselves from competition. They do not produce an output which minimises average costs. Making them profitably effici ent. Perfect competition is rare due to larger companies expanding, gaining economies of scale and market power.Resulting in other firms being forced of the business. So if economies of scale did not exist any industry could have perfect competition. (Dobson, 200694) Monopolies are also rare, and both are extremes of market structures. Most firms lie somewhere between the two. I think the two firms I picked are a fair comparism. They are both from a mixed economy. Thames water will have regulating agencies monitoring them. There are only 3 legal monopolies in Britain Thames Water included. In the past there was a significant amount of monopolies which were government owned.When Margaret Thatcher came into power she privitised these firms as she believed competition would lead to greater efficiency and lower prices which would benefit society as a whole. I agree with her decision and I think after researching, perfect competition appears to be the better plectron for consumers. Mon opolys benefit society in certain situations such as retained profits ploughed spikelet into research and development for medical reasons, and natural monopolies who could not survive in a perfectly competitive industry. Monoplies and perfect competition are becoming more rare as time goes on and who knows what will happen in the future.

60s America Through Images Essay Example for Free

60s America by means of Images EssayThe 1960s proved a debauched time for the United States in how there were so legion(predicate) historical developments in the mere piazza of a decade. Throughout the 60s Americans experienced and witnessed many eveningts much(prenominal) as contend, civil rights campaigns and disagrees, assassinations, technological developments and the emergence of a commonplace socialization and counter last. Photography came to the fore at the start of the 20th century and a immense emphasis was put on the opthalmic to experience culture.The historical developments of the 60s can be seen clearly by means of the visual culture as they portray the historical events of the time through the strong point of imagery. With the growing popularization of video, imagery could be rapidly distributed to each home and this is one of the main reasons that visual culture had much(prenominal) a profound effect on those who witnessed the events portrayed. By the end of the decade 90% of Americans had access to video system sets this staggering amount of led to a high take of influence though reception of imagery.For authority when we look at the portrayal of the typical American family one would often see an image of a close-knit family sitting together watching television. In the space of a decade from the 1950s television was incorporated in the American family (see fig. 1. ). Pictures much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as this defined the family of the late 50s early 60s and incorporated the television into American families. With the television be a vital part of family life there was a unbroken flow of imagery available for the family to view. We can clearly see through images such as this that the US population began to regularly consume what the television provided.The photograph captures the importance television as a family fun and how it gradually became the main focus of family time. Therefore we can see tha t the visual culture through the media such as television, newspapers and the images they provided to the population had a serious impact on historical developments of the 1960s. Information was constant quantityly stock by the population usually alongside images of events and the visual culture affected the historical developments of the 60s in how it influenced reactions to events.It is overly unpatterned that visual culture heavily influenced the 1960s collectible to the amount of images and videos from the time that are becalm available for viewing today. conformation 1. Everett F. Baumgardner. Family watching Television. 1958. Photograph. Nation Archives and Records of Administration. http//web. archive. org/web/20071226081329/teachpol. tcnj. edu/amer_pol_hist/thu mbnail427. htm One of the roughly strategic events to happen in the 1960s which greatly affected the US was its part of was the Vietnamese struggle.The fight had a vital part in the 60s decade as it spanned t hrough the whole of the 60s up until 1975. The state of war was the firstly of its kind as it was reported in great detail through television and newspapers. Essendially the Vietnam struggle and visual culture of the time went hand in hand as the relationship between the dickens was constant throughout the 60s. For over a decade people could get a visual perspicacity into the war which had never been available before and many believe this is one of the main reasons that the US missed the war.President Lyndon seen this and turn overd that if the previous wars had been televised, the United States would non involve preserved in fighting them. Franklin Roosevelt and Harry Truman would have lost support for their policies even as he lost support for his, forcing the abandonment of his campaign for his re-election. It was receivable to the constant visual bombardment of the piteous realities of war on the US people that glum them a obtainst the war and forced many to stand firm the war (fig. 2 and fig. 3). Figure 2. Horst Faas. A father holds the body of a child. 1964. Photograph. addressable at Photographer Collection Horst Faas http//blogs. denverpost. com/captured/2012/05/15/photographer-collection-horst-faas-vietnam/5689/ . Figure3. Horst Faas. Lt. Col. George Eyster of Florida. 1966. Photograph. Available at Photographer Collection Horst Faas http//blogs. denverpost. com/captured/2012/05/15/photographer-collection-horst-faas-vietnam/5689/ Photographers such as Horst Fass gained their reputation for showing the horrors of the Vietnamese war through their photographs. Faas captured some of the to the highest degree polemic photographs that showed the suffering of both sides of the war.When we look at these photos we can see the influence of the Vietnamese War on the visual culture of the United States. Pictures such as these were received on a daily flat coat and they dominated the decade visually becoming some of the most well known images from the 60s and the war itself. The vivid pictures show the ugly side of the Vietnamese War and photographs such as the father clutching his daughters body in front of soldiers dealt with the death of civilians while the photo of injured soldiers showed frailty of US troops.At the time these photographs seen showed the truth about the war and Fass would go on to win a Pulitzer Prize for his constitute in Vietnam. When we look these images it is clear that both reflect on the dark chaos of the war and the ugly realities which the civilian population had never seen before. The visual culture greatly affected the populations war morale as it provided frail images of US soldiers either dead or wounded some affaire which was not shown in previous wars.The reporting of the Second World War and the Korean War was unlike in that it was filtered with most hearing reports through radio broadcasts and newspapers which were controlled by the government. By the 60s there had been major(ip) develo pments in media reporting in that they had become more liberated. By the 60s multiple channels were emerging with their own news reporters providing multiple stories and recounts of different parts of the war. Therefore there was a vast increase in the amount of broadcasts and images being sent into the American homes greatly influencing a majority of the population.With photographers such as Faas working in Vietnam and capturing images showing righteous civilians being killed the United States population saw an unseen side to its army throughout the Vietnamese war as the army was shown in a in truth negative view. It can clearly be seen that photographers such as Faas greatly influenced the visual culture of the US throughout the 60s and these images had a significant impact in historical developments leading to the war effort becoming unpopular and encouraging anti war efforts.Figure 4. Ron Haeberle. My Lai Massacre. 1968. Photograph. Available at Life Magazine. Vol. 67. No. 23 . The negative view of the US army was perchance most emphasised in the My Lai massacre in 1968. Throughout past wars the US army was seen as a symbol of justice and a manifestation of the good in that they were fighting to save the public but with the emergence of images and reports of events such as the Mai Lai Massacre there morality and ethics were questioned.Some even compared the US army to the Germans of World War Two in their way of psychologically thinking. Two researchers think that Americans were deflecting the responsibility with the same defence mechanism the Germans used to rationalize the Holocaust. The photography which emerged from the massacre by Ron Haeberle ball over the world and spurred many of the US into protesting against the war. (Fig4. Here we can clearly see why many considered analyse the US armys actions to that of the German holocaust, the brutality and graphic detail which Haeberles photos captured had never been so widely distributed before. The terror on the faces or the sheer number of bodies appearing in some of the images had not been captured on camera before and these pictures were seen by thousands when they were published in magazines such as Life and greatly affected the visual culture intake of the American population.These particular photos had a huge influence on historical developments later in the war such as the protests and the investigations into what happened in the war. From looking at images such as photographs interpreted from the 1960s we can clearly see that the Vietnam had a huge influence on visual culture at the time and visual culture that would later emerge in the 70s. This was due to the fact that the war took up so many aspects of American life as it was a constant through the entire decade of the 60s. Regular exposure to the ugly realities of battle is thought to have turned the public against the war, forcing withdrawal of American troops and leaving the way clear for eventual Communist vict ory. The visual culture was hugely influenced by the Vietnam War in the 60s it was mostly through photography and videos shown to the public by the media but later it influenced visual culture through art such as engrave and painting. aft(prenominal) the war ended in 1975 countless memorials were erected and many artists were inspired by the photographs this is evident in the sculpture The Three Soldiers Memorial sculpted in 1984 by Frederick Hart displayed in Washington. From looking at the Vietnam War throughout the 60s it is evident that it influenced the future of the visual culture as much as the visual culture influenced the developments of the war. The 60s decade can be defined as a decade of social revolution indoors the US.Many different causes gained strength and a massive following through their protests to further their cause. During this decade many protested for different reasons such as anti-war campaigners and those looking for the equal rights. There were movement s for many different causes such as the African American civil rights movement, Hispanic and Chicano movement and the Gay Rights movement. For example with the Vietnamese War came protests against the war throughout the 60s.Those who were influenced by the atrocities shown in reports and images sent from Vietnam protested avidly throughout the 60s hence we can say the visual culture of the US had a great influence on the historical developments of the 60s, only although in the 60s protesting became very popular it was introduced through the civilized Rights movements in the late fifties early 60s and its idea of peaceful protesting. The 60s became a time associated with protest due to the vast amounts of protests staged for different reasons throughout the 60s.One of the major protest movements of the 60s was the Civil Rights Movement. These protests initially started in the late 50s but peaked in the 60s and were a catalyst of many new(prenominal) protests in the 60s. Those who protested for civil rights did so in a peaceful way and this greatly influenced the new(prenominal) protests such as the anti-war protests. Once again we can see that the visual culture through the medium of photography greatly influenced the development of these protests. Once again the population of the US was provided with images shocking to behold.The most influential case is perhaps the protest in Birmingham Alabama in 196 where the police reacted with unneeded violence. Many argue that the dramatic clashes between nonviolent civil rights demonstrators and southern law enforcement in Birmingham and Selma were the principle impetus female genitalia the enactment of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965, respectively. Photographers of the time captured the violence of the police force and erst again widely distributed and impacted on the community causing widespread support for the movement.When we look at what photographers such as Bill Hudson and Bo b Adelman captured in their photographs we can see why the visual culture had such an impact on the historical developments regarding the Civil Rights Movement (Fig. 5 and Fig. 6). The image of the youth being attacked by the police dog is very harrowing and controversial, through this image the US seen the severity of racialism and its unneeded violence. This photo became a huge part of the visuality of the Civil Rights hightail its attempt to gain support from the rest of the US population due to the severity of the photo and how controversial it was.Meanwhile Hudsons photo of the protestors grouping together to take cover from water cannons can be seen as a symbol of unification of the protestors against the oppression of the police force and the city of Birmingham. There are countless images such as these two that were taken from the Birmingham Campaign This protest was a rally point for the Civil Rights Campaign and the images taken from Birmingham united and boost other peop le to protest in the south.The visual culture greatly influenced the outcome of the Civil Rights Movement as the Birmingham protest was captured in photography and gave the rest of the US an acuteness into what was happening in the South. These images had a significant impact on 1960s America and provided a major boost for the campaign as it received national attention leading to desegregation and equal fortune for the coloured population. This protest was a rally point for the Civil Rights Campaign and the images taken from Birmingham united and encouraged other coloured people to protest in the south.The visual culture greatly influenced the outcome of the Civil Rights Movement as the Birmingham protest was captured through the photographers and gave the rest of the US an insight into what was happening in the South. These images had a significant impact on 1960s America and provided a major boost for the campaign as it received national attention leading to the gradual desegreg ation of the US and eventual equal hazard for the coloured population. Figure 5. Bill Hudson. Birmingham Protest. 1963. Photograph. Available at Iconic photos http//iconicphotos. wordpress. om/2010/06/26/birmingham/. Figure6. Bob Adelman. Ingram Park Birmingham. 1963. Photograph. Available at J. Paul Getty Museum. http//www. getty. edu/art/gettyguide/artObjectDetails? artobj=258562 . The Civil Rights Movement provided an example of peaceful protest which became a popular way of protesting throughout the 60s. The social group which held a majority of the protests at the time were third level students. From the civil rights demonstrations of the early sixties, students have turned to protest both the war in Vietnam and the policies of their schools.It is no imitation to give college students credit for making Vietnam a national issue. They were influenced by the Civil Rights Movement and based their protests on the same ideology in peaceful protests. The 60s were a time of constant protest for students. The issues of the student protest movements range from racial discrimination, the war on poverty, and the war in Vietnam, to particular policies of the universities. However it was the anti- war protests that spurred the most conflict between the students and the authorities.The visual culture made impressions in developing the protests through the use of printing process presses as seeing photos such as Faas or Adelmans spurred the student bodies into action. With the emergence of the My Lai massacre and other such atrocities protests escalated to a climax at the end of the 60s with the Columbia University protests of 1968. Students discovered that the university was secretly affiliated with the discussion section of Defences weapon research and openly protested this affiliation with occupying university buildings and this eventually led to their violent removal.However it was this violence by the authorities that increased support for the protestors. In his study of the Columbia Crisis in the outflow of 1968, Barton (1968) found that the use of excessive police force against demonstrators had the effect of increasing the sympathy of faculty and students for the evasive action (a sit-in and a general strike) employed by the demonstrators. This violence recorded through the news and photographs once again captivated the US and encouraged many to take part in the protests (Fig. 7).The imagery taken from the by photographers such as Morris captured the harsh measures the authorities and when these pictures were published in newspapers and magazines people began to empathize with the protestors. It is evident in each movement that the media greatly influenced the historical developments through imagery such as photography. Through photography and the media it can be said that the visual culture impacted the outcome of many movements such as the African-American civil rights movements, the anti-war protests and the gradual end of the wa r. Figure 7. Larry C. Morris. Police forcing Columbia Students out. 968. Photograph. Available at The New York Times. Imagery was a huge part of protests throughout the 60s through photographs of the events but other visuals emerged with the protestors use of posters. With the gradual growth of homemade printing presses simple yet colourful posters began to emerge at protests. At protests there was a constant bombardment of simple yet very controversial. The poster entitle its the real thing for S. E. Asia was simple, eye catching and precise the bright colour of the posters caught bystanders look and presented its argument outwardly in the face of the public (Figure 8. . Posters such as the its the real thing for S. E Asia were a common site at protests against Vietnam and mocked capitalism and the military tactics that were employed during the time. These protests were against the indulgence and brutality of the war emerged in the early 60s with controversial posters such as thi s one becoming a more common sight. Anti-war protests provided the majority of the controversial posters as they attempted to highlight the problems with the war. By nature these posters

Personal Theory Paper Essay Example for Free

ain conjecture Paper EssayAbstractThis paper is the development of my mortalal theory on Christian Counseling. I single-valued function galore(postnominal) scriptural references to support my beliefs and stress the importance of happen uponing wisdom and knowledge from the bible. It incorporates all of the presentations, readings, and critiques I did at intimacy Universitys Theology and affectionuality in steering course. I sing round how I integrate Psychology, Theology, and Spirituality into my Christian steering and believe that they all call for a lot to offer the Christian counsel. The role of integration and multitasking is necessary to be an effective Christian counsel under the guidelines of the Ameri keep Association of Christian Counselors. The methods and skills of a beneficial Christian guidance is to recognize their limits and boundaries, appease education, fellowship, and present themselves in a Christ-like manner.IntroductionThis paper takes a boldness at legion(predicate) Christian authors and how their theories of counseling pass influenced and helped me develop my own theory of counseling. Through multitasking both counselor croupe sketch a situation through many divergent perspectives. It is non star method that result tote up close to recruiting in a individual, bargonly an integration of many methods and theories. A close look at understanding human personality, where problems argon developed, how to source problems and structure effective intervention, and looking at how my worldview influences my theory, outlines in detail the construction of my comprehensive counseling theory.What is Important for Understanding Human Personality?PersonalityAs a counselor it is important to understand the development of a lymph glands personality and Dr. Hawkins (2006) presents a model of human personality through his concentric circularizes. matinee idol is in the center, hence the Soul, Body, Temporal System s, and on the outside Supernatural. When one system is nonfunctioning properly other systems begin to be affected. E preciseone was created in the image and likeness of graven image (Genesis 127). Christians are to strive to become Christ-like and this does non happen without discipline. motivatingThe theories of Adams (1986) are based on 2 Timothy 316-17 which says, All rule book is paragon-breathed and is useful for t distributivelying, rebuking, correcting and training in righteousness, so that the man of God may be thoroughly equipped for every intimately thrash. Adams counseling relies on the Holy Spirit to convict the person to want to change after hearing the truth of the Word of God. He discredits psychology and believes that God is the muchover one dealed to motivate a person to change.This is one of the more extreme theories and is correct in that God inescapably to be the main source one taps into. God, throughout the bible, used many unlike ways to motivate H is people to change. One way was through a donkey that utter to Balaam after he struck him three durations for not moving (Numbers 22). The angel of the LORD asked him, wherefore require you beaten your donkey these three times? I have come here to correspond you because your path is a reckless one before me. (Numbers 2232 New International Version). at that issue are many ways that God will use to motivate change.Dr. Wilson (2001), Backus, and Chapian (2000) take a antithetic approach with ones past hurts and his or her interpretation of them being what motivates them. When one is hurt by others they are more likely to continue the cycle of hurt. Romans 1217 says, Do not fall anyone evil for evil. Be careful to do what is right in the spunks of everyone (NIV). Wilson did not want the person to minimize the wrong that has been done to them, still crumble it over to God and allow God to heal their wounds. Backus and Chapian feel that if one can change his or her thinking then they can change his or her future behaviors. They all agree that ones past can either hinder them or push them forward to being motivated to change.Crabb (1986) believes growth and change are an ever changing military operation for both the counselor and the counselee. He feels that one is suffering from unreachable goals, external circumstances and fear of ill (p.76). He takes the approach that the church can develop programs that can help those who want to change. The three oecumenic levels of counseling that Crabb presents are Level I-Counseling By Encouragement, Level II- Counseling By Exhortation and Level III-Counseling By Enlightenment (p. 190). The person acting as the counselor need to build a relationship with the person for any level of his methods to really be effective. The relationship helps one to be motivated to open up and want to change. The process and ways to counsel are always changing. Knowing different theories, how to use them, and when to use them i s what makes an effective counselor.Human growingHuman development is an ongoing process of not salutary, Hawkins concentric circle known as, the body, but the soul. His Temporal Systems circle that includes family, friends, church, society, government, economy, and education are what help shape and develop these areas of ones life. During this process of human development painful things happen and if not dealt with can cause change results later. The title of Wilsons book, Hurt People Hurt People, is a perfect description of what can happen. Wilson, astute change is not easy, said it best when she said, We must enter the change process with open eyes. When we do, well catch that the necessary truth requires tears, time and even both(prenominal) terror (p. 96). God reminds us in Philippians 413 that we can do everything through Him who gives me strength. The process of human development is not an easy or painless one, but in the end we become more like Christ, which is the ult imate goal.Individual DevelopmentThe counseling process is not about one method working for every person, but each person being an individual with specific plans for change. This is why it is important to find out the clients culture, beliefs, and lifestyle experiences that have shaped them to this point. Western culture emphasizes individuality and coming into ones own person, but not all cultures encourage this. This is why it is important to allow the client to be the educator during the assessment process. When forming a specific strategy for transformation counselors integrate his or her education and the knowledge they gained from the individual client, which then generates a platform fordiscipline.One of these disciplines is learning boundaries, according to obliterate and Townsend (1999). Hebrews 1211 says, No discipline seems loving at the time, but painful. Later on, however, it produces a harvest of righteousness and peace for those who have been trained by it. This is why Cloud and Townsend go on to say, The painful discipline of boundaries will eventually bear good results in our lives (p. 203). One does not change and become a whole individual overnight, but with knockout work, discipline, and willingness to go through the process it can eventually happen. Where Problems are DevelopedConceptualizing Health and WellnessA person needs to look past the why and focus on the healing. God understands that unpleasant things happen, but does not want one to dwell on the evil, because it can create even additional sickness. In creating complete natural and spiritual wholeness scripture, positive fellowship, and prayer are vital. Anderson (2006) recognizes how the different Temporal Systems, Hawkins presented, can negatively impact a persons behavior. This then can manifest destructively into our physical bodies. One again overcomes this by binding it in the supernatural and allowing God to heal them from the inside out. God says, He heals the brokenhe arted and binds up their wounds (Psalms 1473). The person needs to surround themselves with positive people who will get wind and encourage them. The different Temporal Systems can either affect one negatively or positively and some of that responsibility is on the person. Hart (2001) discusses some practical things that can be done to gain physical and spiritual wholeness.These things included, but were not limited to, sleep, healthy eating, exercise, and sometimes medication. Sleep and rest are one of the easiest and cheapest of the methods and to a fault the one that is always put aside as unimportant. in that location are some cultures that set aside specific times in the day to rest, for different reasons. Christians need to learn from these cultures and also take heed to God when he said in Exodus 2312, Six age do your work, but on the seventh day do not work. This scripture is not meant to be taken to the extreme, but to be understood that The Sabbath was made for man, not man for the Sabbath (Mark 227). God wants us to understand the importance and office staff of rest in relationship to wellbeing.Psychological and Spiritual IllnessThere are times in life when one will experience spiritual brokenness and need to examine God and counsel for wholeness. The stories in the bible are not just for historical reasons, but to give us examples on how to live our lives. David was a man who endured many hardships and attacks, but he relied on God to be his protector and restorer. David at one point in his life went away to the Cave of Adullam, which center refuge. Sometimes the counseling setting is the place of refuge for the client and the counselor needs to allow God to guide and direct them in the healing process.David said a prayer to God, while in the cave, which began with voice his anguish, but ends with I cry to you, Lord I say, You are my refuge, my portion in the land of the living. bear in mind to my cry, for I am in desperate need rescue me f rom those who pursue me, for they are too unfluctuating for me. Set me free from my prison, that I may praise your name. Then the righteous will gather about me because of your goodness to me (Psalms 1425-7). Counselors need to guide the counselee to a place of desperation and realization that there is freedom in Christ.There are many reasons for a client to be mentally unhealthy and a counselor needs to do a thorough evaluation to measure the severity of it. This will benefit not only the client, but the counselor when deciding a give-and-take plan. There are some psychological and mental illnesses that a counselor is not equipped to handle and a referral to a psychiatrist qualification be needed. Anderson feels that most mental disorders are from the enemy and not due to chemical changes or neurologic disorders. This way of thinking can be very dangerous for the client and the counselor. It does not matter where the psychological anguish comes from, but how to treat it. A cou nselor always wants to be competent in the treatment of psychological and spiritual illnesses or refer there client to another.Hart believes that anxiety is one of the tip psychological illnesses facing Americans today and counselors need to learn the different methods for treating it. He presents many different methods that could work for not only Christians, but for anyone struggling with anxiety. His advice, for howto maintain a healthier body and soul, is practical and very relevant. The counselor needs to take the time to understand what each client is dealing with spiritually and psychologically. They need to have knowledge of many different theories and treatment methods for both and how to implement them. The client needs to adjudicate if they want to incorporate God in their healing process. Once this is established the counselor can then work with the client on a treatment plan for healing. Role of Integration and MultitaskingAs a Christian counselor one needs to learn t he skill of integrating psychological, theological and spiritual counseling methods into the counseling process. Crabb presents four ways Christian counselors integrate psychology, theological system, and the bible into the counseling process. Separate but oppose (keeping them completely separate), Tossed Salad (blending of them all with no sifting of Psychology and theology), and Nothing Buttery (disregarding Psychology completely), and a blow the Egyptians approach (integrating them all into ones counseling) are the four methods he presents.A Christian counselor is accountable to God and needs to rely on Him to show them how to integrate different methods of psychology and theology to the counseling process. The scriptures say it best in Titus 27-8, In everything set them an example by doing what is good. In your teaching show integrity, seriousness and soundness of speech that cannot be condemned, so that those who oppose you may be ashamed because they have nothing bad to sa y about us. Multitasking is the main component in discriminating and recognizing the real needs of the client and is to be taken seriously.How to Source Problems and Structure Effective Intervention come upon Elements of my Comprehensive TheoryAs a Christian counselor it is my job to educate myself on the numerous theories being used today and what I want to use in my own counseling practice. I do not agree with any one theory presented by the numerous authors, but gleaned from each one. I believe, like Crabb and Hawkins, that the problem at the surface is not necessarily the main issue that needs dealing with. I want to get to the root of issues and lead the client to complete wholeness and freedom. Galatians 51 says, It is for freedom thatChrist has set us free. Stand watertight, then, and do not let yourselves be burdened again by a yoke of slavery. Anderson talks about how one allows the enemy office staff in their lives and does not realize what little power he has. I recogn ize that educating Christians on the power of Christ and the authority they have over the enemy will empower them in the healing process.Adams methods are based on 2 Timothy 316-17 which says, all scripture is God-breathed and is useful for teaching, rebuking, correcting and training in righteousness, so that the man of God may be thoroughly equipped for every good work. I agree with him and this scripture verse, but I do not shut out psychology altogether like he does.Scriptures, like Isaiah 58 6-11, have been an inspiration in my own personal healing. Isaiah 5811 says, The Lord will guide you always he will satisfy your needs in a sun-scorched land and will strengthen your frame. You will be like a well-watered garden, like a spring whose waters never fail. I know the power of knowing the scripture and implementing it in my life. This is why as a Christian counselor the use of scripture would be necessary in any healing process I choose for the client. I as a counselor want to be guided by the Lord and use whatever method he reveals to me to bring others healing in their lives. It is important to me, as a Christian counselor, to find a balance in the use of scripture, numerous theories, and psychology.Process and TechniquesThe counseling process is guided by many codes of ethics mainly set up by the American Counseling Association (ACA, 2012) and American Association of Christian Counselors (AACC, 2012). I personally am guided by the scripture, brothers and sisters, whatever is true, whatever is noble, whatever is right, whatever is pure, whatever is lovely, whatever is admirableif anything is splendiferous or praiseworthythink about such things (Philippians 48). The way one counsels will not be effective if the counselor is not acting in a moral and ethical way.Cloud and Townsend talk about the use of boundaries in all aspect of life. This is not just for the client to learn, but the counselor in relation to the counseling process. As a Christian counselor I do not want to turn anyone away and therefore need to know how to integrate many different techniques. Scripture is not just for the believer, but has many moral principles that can be used for anyone wanthelp. Jesus taught in parables, so that anyone could understand Him. I want implement techniques specific to each client in a way they will understand.Demonstration of EffectivenessI am a firm believer that to be an effective counselor I need to have allowed God to work in my life first. Mathew 73 says, Why do you look at the speck of sawdust in your brothers eye and pay no attention to the plank in your own eye? This scripture is talking about not judging others, but the principle can be used for the counselor as well. How can one counsel on healing and freedom, when they themselves are not free?The counselor also needs to educate him or herself on various methods of treatment to be able to create specific and effective treatment plans for the client. It is important to be fle xible in the process and allow room for the Holy Spirit to guide the sessions. Every client is unique and not one method will work for each situation. Hawkinss concentric circles theory allows the counselor to listen to the client and learn from them. Counselor takes more time to listen to the client and find out what affects the person in each circle and what is important. This method of counseling allows for the counselor to be educated and for a more specific treatment plan to be developed.How my Worldview influences my TheoryView of Psychology, Theology, and SpiritualityI personally feel that psychology, theology, and spirituality all have a place in the counseling process. God is my guide and the one whom I filter everything through. I will not practice those theories that discredit the bible or go against biblical principles. Christian counselors need to study the scriptures and have a solid foundation to filter different theories through. Mathew 633 says, Seek first His doma in and His righteousness, and all these things will be given to you as well. When I seek God He will in turn give me wisdom as I learn about different methods and theories. start out to IntegrationThe mind obtains knowledge, but the heart and soul produce wisdom. Aneffective counselor does not just seek knowledge, but wisdom. Counseling is a calling that in turn requires great responsibility, We have wronged no one, we have corrupted no one, we have exploited no one (2 Corinthians 72). I have an ethical and moral responsibility to my clients and can only maintain this with the help of Christ.ConclusionThrough the different readings in this course and the knowledge obtained thus far, I was able to develop a foundation for my theories about the counseling process. I recognize the importance of knowing the bible and seeking God for wisdom on filtering different theories that are presented to me. There are many types of sicknesses spiritual, physical, and psychological and I now have mo re effective ways to handle each one. I will continue to develop this theory as I gain more knowledge and wisdom in this counseling program at Liberty University and during my many years of as counselor.